Resisting acceleration

Over 500 years ago Archimedes study of motion the closest anybody got to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. At the height of the great plague of Europe in the 17th century Isaac Newtown was busy searching for a mathematical system for calculating the circular motion of the planets. In doing so he stumbled onto the law of mathematics as a solution  what we call today calculus and the laws of force and motion.

Just over a hundred years ago Albert Einstein reveled the significance on a light speed scale. From our point of view light travels a distance of a 186 thousand miles by the time the second hand of a clock moves every division. From light speeds point of view every second on earth is equalivalent one unit of 186 thousand seconds.

In kilometer terms every mile equals 1.609km. Our mathematical instinct aggress simply multiplying a 186 thousand by 1.609 pans out to 299 thousand 792km per second. It is a mistake to round off to 300 thousand because adding up in every second is a wildly inaccurate error.

One of Newton's laws is significant with acceleration in the fact it states where there is a force there is an equal and opposite force reaction. This law tells us a head on motor vehicle smash doesn't shear each others speed as a added total.

Newtown's third law where there is a force there is a equal and opposite force the head on force at work push back on each other resulting in the some speed of each vehicle hitting each other. Head on at 50km is not a total 100 but a 50km smash.

When we walk we put an alternating foot forward planting them firming using friction to lock into place pulling one leg at a time backward to pull ourselves forward. Cycling is the same. Our alternating strokes transfer  each effort on the chain driving it backwards driving the rear wheel backwards driving us forward.

So too the engine of motor cycles to cars.  Power to the driving wheels is the road contact always the power dive rotating backward pulling the vehicle forwards.

Boy racers (or petrol heads as they are some times known) are defined as individuals into motor drag racing each others cars in public streets. They have a appropriate terminology for the straight line acceleration what most of us are familiar we hear tem talk pulling a few G's.

It is the direct experience of feeling a like a couple of kilograms (pounds Ib term if you like) of force shoving them back into their seats at acceleration competition take offs. The screeching of tires and clouds of burning rubber smoke and the roar of hot up engines is common place another term we hear 0 to several kmph (or in mph term if you like) in several seconds.

0 to kmph in several seconds is the time it takes the power of the car to reach maximum speed in that time. Once maximum speed is reached in that time the vehicle can't go any faster no matter the peddle to the metal. Ordinary family SUV station wagons are only capable of a 100km top speed by the time the second hand of a clock moved 10 seconds. Formula one racing cars 0 to 350kmph three quarters of the time.(7 and a half seconds).

The term pulling a few G's is a reflection of Newtown's second and third law of motion property of matter resisting being moved. Once moved resists acceleration expressed as the inertia of the body. During the time a boy racer accelerating to maximum speed they are aware of a pull of the stright line weighing them back into their seats. The are experincing as they say pulling a few G's.

We all experience the same effect riding high accelerating straight line runs in Rolla Coaster just like boy racers feel in high speed drag racing. We all experience as if we feel under the weight of a few Kg's pinning us back into our seats.

When we hit those tight corners without slowing down Newtown's law tells us we feel a slight anxiety as if we are going to sail straight off the tract in a straight line. We feel the force trying to throughout the maneuver we all hear about in Roller Coaster terminology pulling a few G's.

It is the same effect of a car hitting a tight bend without slowing down. Every time the diver tries to correct the maneuver with steering the vehicles inertia keeps correcting the driver to go into a into a stright linre in each corection. The inertia of the fish tailing car eventually to much to handle crashing the car on the corner. This is the effect of G-forces hitting a tight corner to fast for.

In many ways straight line acceleration (even tight turns) the same property as the force of gravity. Straight line acceleration and tight turns at speed are compression forces. They compress inward every direction just as a car crusher compacts a vehicle into a dozen times smaller block of crushed metal. Gravity pulling in every direction pulls everything into a sphere. Everything gets squeezed inward front back and both sides at the same time.

Motor vehicle workshop manuals have dedicated pages of conversion factors of all the units used in all areas of science and mathematics. We should be interested in these conversion factor pages under force and pressure as the gravitational mass of the earth's pulling power on us pinning us to the surface converting pounds and kilograms-forces including Newton's.

Isaac Newtown points out the earth's mass and the mass of bodies pull on each other. The mass of a table tennis ping-pong ball weighing a tiny few milligrams pulls on the trillions tones of the earth's mass just as the mass of the earth pulls on ball.

The scientific unit of the inward pulling power of the earth's mass is 9.81 Newton's. Motor vehicle workshop manual conversion factors says Newton's times 0.1 equals Kilograms. In this case 9.81N times 0.1 mathematically equals 981 grams. If we round off to a thousand grams equals a Kilogram refence. 9.81 Newtown's equates to 1G we experience as our normal body weight at rest.
In other words 9.81

9.81 pans out to 1G equals to the equalivalent of feeling the force of a kilogram per cubic meter of compression throughout the surface of the earth.

Since gravity and acceleration pulls matter inward all directions is a inward crushing pressure motor vehicle workshop manual conversion factors convert SI units (Familiar Pounds per square inch PSI expanding tire pressure) into Pascal's and Newtown's.

The inward crush pressure of a vacuum is the earth's mass pulling the atmosphere we breath squeezing round a empty body such as a vacumed can in Mercury units equivalent in PSI and equalivalent metric kilograms per cubic centimeter of crusing inward force. The fluid movement of the earth atmosphere has low (L) pressure system's that suck in the atmosphere balancing out the high (H) pressure systems. The rush of air pressure filling in the low pressure system's plays a major roll in Hurricanes and tornadoes. The cirular momentum foces of the earth's spin also a contributing factor.

Albert Einstein's theory of relativity expresses acceleration predicts the faster we accelerate towards light speed the more compressed the G's become. If an acceleration is fast enough we feel compressed double our normal body weight we experience 2G's twice the force of the earth's mass compression or gravity if you like.

An acceleration feeling three times our body weight is 3 times the compression. An acceleration four times the compression is 4G's and so on. In a way Einstein was predicting negative G's. Negative G's is when a body reaches maximum speed when suddenly becomes weightless expressed as terminal velocity or as I call it terminal acceleration.

A classic example of NSA training astronauts. Einstein's elevator though experiment described the physics of a fast dropping airplane. If they drop fast fast enough reaching maximum free fall velocity astronaut trainees lift off the fuselage floor frolicking about in weightless fun just as Einstein predicted in his thought experiment in a fast dropping elevator example.

Einstein expressed his elevator though experiment as a physical effect of a free falling body. The weightless of  negative G's is a point bodies can't fall any faster equaling and cancellation gravity. In effect he was describing the mechanism of anti gravity the maximum free fall velocity of nose diving aircraft.

Civilians in passenger aircraft experience negative G's when their is a dramatic drop of their plane due to turbulence. They feel as if they are weightless as if floating off their seats for a second. Some bad cases bumping their heads on luggage compartments and hitting the ceiling falling back to the floor.

An example of this world war two dive bomber pilots often experienced their planes reaching maximum free fall velocity they couldn't scream down any faster. They often experienced the sensation of floating off their seats as if the plane was dropping faster than they where only the plane wasn't.

Experiencing negative G's is uncontrollable. Rear gunners often experienced struggling to contain loose ammunition belts floating about the cockpit at terminal velocity (Or terminal acceleration as I put it) dive.

Now imagine the G's naught to a 100mph in a second.

In kilometer terms every mile equals 1.609km. Our mathematical instant agrees it is only a mater of multiplying 100mph by 1.609km pans out to 160.9kmph.

We all know there is 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour. Our mathematical instinct agrees it is only a matter of 60 times 60 (Mathematics tells us any number multiplied by itself is a square) pans out to 3 thousand 600 seconds long TV program.

If we divide 160 by 3.6 pans out to a standing start take off to a 100 meters in a second and a 100 meters constant velocity every second for a 160km. Proof of this 100 meters times 3.6 equals a total distance of a 160km an hour.

In other words 160kmph take off equals a distance of a 100 meters in the first second and 100 meters every second for the total distance of a 360km.

Using the SI units tells us a 100 meters in the first second is a is equalivalent to a 100 G's in that second. In other words 0 to a 160kmph in a second equals a compression a 100 times the force of the earth's gravity.

Things are even more dramatic if it was a distance of a 160kmph in a second, equal to a 160km every second constant velocity equals a 3 thousand 600kmph take off 3 thousand 600 G's the force of the earth's gravity.

Light travels in the zero resistance of out of space a 186 thousand times faster than every second on earth. Despite the zero resistance it is at it's maximum coasting speed. It just doesn't coast any faster than that. If light accelerated from 0 to a 186 thousand miles in a second the G's produce would be felt as 0 to a distance of a 186 thousand miles by the time the second hand of a clock moved a division. Multiplied by 1.609 equals 299 thousand 974kmph rounded off to 300 thousand as light speed in kilometer terms.

From our point of view of light speed is a 186 thousand times faster than every second on earth. If we could observe every second on earth from light speeds point of view we would observe every second slowed down a 186 thousand times. Another way to look at this every second would be observed as 186 thousand seconds. Time is so slow we no longer observe moving any more.

Observing time on earth from light speed's point of view is only an illusion of the environment's time stopped. It doesn't go any slower than we see light speed travel as fast. Every second is the equalivalent of viewing 186 thousand seconds longer.

Some cyclists feel unsafe with spongy mechanical brakes. Until hydrologic disc brakes become cheaper mechanical disc and rim brakes will remain common on budget bikes for the time being.

If a mechanical brake bike has done many kilometers (or miles if you like) of braking there is an on going problem of worn out break pads and brake springs becoming week with time.

There are various types from racing bike side pulls to various mountain and commuter bike counter lever designs.

If your bike is a side pull type examining new side pull brake bikes indicate the mechanical fit what these brakes should be. The same is true if your bike is any of the designs. One of the biggest problems home fix it yourself will come across in some counter lever types is adjusting screws on each brake arm.

New counter lever adjusting screws of the type fited to your bike are an indication of what they should be. Using a new one as a guide examine the old one. If he condition of the old one looks a little squashed at the stop end there is a good chance it is not effectively acting as a proper stop causing week spring problems.

Theses are usually machine screws. Cross threads is a major consern. They can cause adjusting problems caused by forcing in crocked, wrong machine screw thread type or wood screws also cross threading the lug too. We can feel by how hard we have to presure to move the screw.

New screws show what the threads should be. Unhook the spring from the spring arm. Good threads screw inall the why in  lugs easily with fingers. New bikes are always a good indication of what everything should be,

If you examine closely and find the lug bent slightly can cause the tip of the stop to miss alight the spring causing week spring tension. Examine the lug to check if it's bent. Different models have different designs. Some designs are easily assessable. Some are not.

It is delicate work to straighten out assessable brake arm adjusting screw lugs without uneven twisting forces bending the lug improperly. Eventually breaks off rendering adjustment useless.

An effective method is between the jaws of a shifting spanner. For fix it yourself it is a mistake to use cheep shifting spanners, old well worn ones that have sloppy jaws. Slack moments are not safe.

Movement will twist the lug uneven just as bending at the tip the worst thing you can do. For proper support the spanner must cover over the whole lug with no sloppiness between the spanner blades. Any slack movement is dodgy taking the risk of not bending straight improperly.

Jiggle the spanner adjusting feeling for solidness before you bend. A major problem in bending is often overdoing it. Careful. Easy she goes.

Jiggling for a feel of solidness then gently bend the lug back into proper straightness. Make sure when refitting the spring make sure it is pressing properly on the stop of the screw.

Examining the inner wire cable anchored on the brake arm of any new bike gives a good idea of what they should be and an important clue to proper reassembly practises. The inner wire cable connecting brakes arms is always straight. There are no bends or kinks in the wire cable. If any will cause slack cable operation both rim and mechanical disc brakes.

The inner cable needs to be disassembled, relocated so it is as straight like new bikes are. Missing inner cable end caps on the tip of the inner wire cable cause fray problems. End caps are always on new bikes. They stop the ends of the wire cable from becoming fayed. They are an important anti fray device. Clamping down without them helps to fray the ends of unprotected cable ends.

Following new bike examples the proper anchoring of the inner wire cable should be. A mistake is to arrange a rap round eyelet technique under the lock nut. As new bikes tell us it doesn't work that way.
Even end caps won't stop fraying tightening on the wire cable.

The fiction of tightening is going against the wind crushing the strands apart unraveling them at that point. It only takes about a couple of fine tuning adjustments to crush apart individual strands eventually severing unraveling the strands beyond any safe use anymore. Following the a new bike example goes with the strand winds as you tighten.

If the fray is minor with a missing anti fray tag even following new bike correct way you will have your work cut out for you with a lot of time consuming fiddling trying to avoid making the fray worse on reassembly. If the end cap is connected you will have no problems.
If you have any antic fray caps missing it's recommended to fit one to good cables before it's too late.

You will need an anti fray cap, and a method to clamp it on hand before you start clamping.
Squealing and slack handle bar feel problems is often attributed to ignoring the importance of adjusting screws located on the brake arm designs.

Side pulls don't need them. Checking out a new bike that has your braking system you will observe these adjusting screws each brake arm They adjust the spring tensions centralizing the arms vertical between the rim properly. With out them the spring tension of one arm pulls both arms lope sided to one side.

Without theses adjuster screws one pad is to close to the rim and the opposite pad to far away braking. This often happens if one of the springs has become weaker. The stronger spring pulls the pair to one side. The weaker one hasn't the strength to move the pair straighter. If these screws are negated or missing it is this that will happen.

Unscrewing one side relives tension where the opposite spring pulls both arms straighter. The pads are level with the rim. Screwing inwards strengthens the tension acting the same way. If you haven't got theses screws in place replace them.

Loosen the inner wire cable anchor bolt enough you can slide the inner wire under the acorn or Allan key nut to allow both arms to spread apart on there own leaving the nut attached. The brake springs should release the tension spreading rim brake bike arms wide or in the case of disc bake models to no tension.

You will need to determine if you are left or right handed these jobs like these. Following a new bike example thread under the loose nut to the most covenant left of right hand position that suites you best. With one had clamp the brake pads to the rim. Holding them there, with the other hand pull the tial of the inner wire cable straight making sure there is no bends or kinks as a new bike.

Left or right handed you should manage to hold the brake arms with one hand and at the same time with the other hand manipulate the inner wire cable and clamping bolt at the same time.
Next is to adjust with the brake arm adjusting screws. You will observe unscrewing one side moves both arms over and if unscrewing will do the same. In this way fine tune the the two arms.

Engineering a time machine.

Some of us say there is no distinction between the past present and future. It seems our environment's time is stuck in present tense of time. We are born growing up and dying of old age at the same time. Millions of years of past and future generations crammed into a single moment. History a hundred years ago and a hundred years time is happening at the same time.

It seems from a black hole point of view time of the universe is true. Trillions of centuries of the past and future universe at the same time. Time seems meaningless. However from our point the seemingly passing of time of rotting of abundant houses and vehicles we call entropy. Geological change on earth is so long the same for thousands of generations.

Albert Einstein in his theory of relativity suggested motion plays a part of time. The best analogy what we term as G's today. Teenagers who compete with each other called boy racers and petrol heads who drag race in public streets commonly use the term their cars pull a few G's and does the tone is perhaps the best example of this.

Screeching tires clouds of smoke hard acceleration takeoff competition drags the boys feel the equivalent of a kilogram or two of weight pressing them back into their seats in the cockpit during the initial take off. Drag racing events is an extreme example. Dragsters take off to several hundred kmph in less than a few seconds with G's pressing back on the driver equivalent to several kilograms of weight pressing on them.

If light accelerates, even in the zero resistance of out of space would be a acceleration to a distance of less then three hundred thousand kilometers (two hundred and ninety-nine thousand seven hundred and ninety-two kilometers and five hundred and forty-eight meters to be exact or a hundred and eighty-six thousand miles an hour if you like) take off in a second. 

It is the equivalent of seven times round the diameter of earth every time the second and of clocks pass across every division. Even in the zero resistance of any vacuum it just doesn't go any faster. 

Einstein thought motion on a light speed scale produce so much G's it's infinite. Even in the zero resistance of open space the G's would be so great compress matter to atoms tearing off the weekly held together orbiting particles called electrons leaving just the core (nucleus) left.

Such ripping apart nay be as powerful as stars converting hydrogen to atoms compressing the nucleus into the particles of light called photons.

Einstein's special theory of reality tells us there is a critical factor relative point of view of motion, our point of view of light speed and light speeds point of view of us on earth travels though time.

Sub light speed is the equivalent of our point of view of every clock second and moving across every division though time. The critical facture approaching light speed viewing our environment's time from light speeds point of view slows sub light speed.

Each view point follows a reciprocal law. If we view a clock from light speeds point of view we would observe the second hand moving equivalent to less than three hundred thousand seconds. (Two hundred and ninety-nine, seven hundred and ninety-two, point five, four, eight seconds to be exact) Our mathematical curiosity aggress it is only a matter of asking ourselves how many days would that be. It pans out to equal just short of a long weekend. 

From light speeds point of view sees the universe travel three hundred thousand kilometers, equivalent to three hundred thousand seconds or just three kilometers per second. Mathematics can't lie you know. It is just the observation view point of the two different points of view of between us and light speed. 

Light speed can't see the universe travel any slower than we see light speed as  fast. Every second of time on earth seen by light speed the second hand moves the equivalent of three hundred thousand seconds every division. Every second is three hundred thousand times as slow,

Some of us believe in the theory exceeding light speed we travel back in time. This is a negative experience of all the factors involved, the direction light travels, the G's and velocity are all inverted. (reversed). If we could observe our environment's time from the point of view of light speed our point of view we move backwards. Theoretically light is should be going backward, the G's reduce and deceleration.

Sub light speed is a critical factor accelerating to light speed. But the deceleration is a critical facture at light speed. Once we reach light speed according to the light speed law we shouldn't be able to go any faster unless we figured out some way of getting round going faster than light.

There is suggestion the big bang that has supposed to have created the universe was infinitely faster. Also  their is a relative of the orbiting particle of the atom called electrons called neutrinos that have shown evidence of speeds faster than light. If the light speed law is final dictates we'd stop accelerating when we match light speed.

You can argue stabilization of reaching the constant velocity of light if you like but at the end of the day no matter how long we remain accelerating beyond light speed we have to at some point even neutrinos stop accelerating to a constant velocity or the consequences of god knows that kind of acceleration there would be. Imagine faster and faster with out slowing down forever. The law of terminal velocity is final and finite where light is no exception. Unless you believe we can travel faster than light speed nothing is faster seems final.

If you believe we can go faster a need of at only certain circumstances reexamining how much faster avoiding infant acceleration meaning the law nothing travels faster than light law is busted.

If nothing can go faster is confirmed once we reach light speed we are traveling in parallel with it so our velocities are equal. We are 0kmph with respect of each other. The crucial facture here we do not exceeded light speed. Traveling in parallel what was less than three hundred thousand kilometers per second at sub light speed to us is now zero kilometers per second at light speed.

Accelerating from sub light speed as such high velocity we would experience the normal view the universe become a hyperspace of light in streaks coming dead ahead towards us from a vanishing point we never reach. We would be viewing the universe from light speeds point of view. 

If we could see time on earth from light speeds point of view we would observe every second the equivalent of three hundred thousand seconds. The universe and time would seem to move only three kilometers per second.

If we slow down time would appear to speed up. The more we slow down the faster time travels. The slower we go the faster light goes. Eventually light would speed up quickly to sub light speed point of view of light speed.

Physicists have managed to accelerate particles of the atom to ninety-nine percent of light speed. I guess this may be the critical turning point these particles can't accelerate any faster.

In theory light doesn't travel any faster than it does the universe looking no slower than three kilometers per second. Nothing can exceed light speed law tells us the turning point acceleration from sub light speed that matches light speed where constant velocity must occur. Accelerating to light speed from sub light speed equals acceleration should stop at light speed. The maximum speed of light speed is a terminal velocity of light if you like.

If matching a hundred percent of light speed where constant velocity occurs and unstable our deceleration is inevitable. Matching light speed is not exceeding the speed of light. Under our deceleration light will appear to not invert but speed up faster and faster until it stops accelerating when we reach sub light speed. 

If physicists are accelerating particles to ninety-nine percent light speed may be the maximum speed of the particles can travel. They just don't seem to travel any faster. A hundred percent may be unachievable unless physicists haven't it achieved yet.

Car headlights disappearing ahead in a black void of dark night is a good analogy of how Einstein's special theory of reality works. No matter how far the car travels at sub light speed the beams always disappear ahead in the black void. The car could never catch up with them.

But as the car accelerates to light speed the head light beans seem to start telescoping ahead in the black darkness as if had hitting a brick wall traveling ahead of us. The faster the vehicle goes the more the white beams become shorter and shorter. Finally there is beamless head lights only the black void ahead. The electrical lighting is traveling the same speed as light.

Imagine the beam was celebrated like a ruler every second of a whole year of time well over thirty one million divisions every division representing a second. As the lights are compressed every division is compressed into each other in the time it takes for the vehicle to reach light speed. There will be no divisions because every second is compacted together at the critical maximum speed of light.

Time machines are built to achieve the same thing stationary in our environment's time on surface of earth. Most of us believe the powerful effect of gravity does this because it slows light and time. A classic example said of black holes stopping it. We can debate times stops at light speed is equal to the time stopped in a black hole.

An argument can say the G's of light speed and the gravitational collapse of a black hole are equal in a sense dampens the energy of atoms to zero, a point where all activity ceases. One way this is achieved is a finite temperature right down to minus two hundred and seventy three degrees Celsius. Zero activity of the atom means nothing can be any colder. It will be the limit of time machines, because everything is made up of atoms.

For time machines to remain stationary in our environments time use some sort of motion G's often expressed as some sort of exotic energy to travel on a different dimension than our environments time. 

It is common knowledge gravity slow time so it should do this. According to Newtown gravity is in the pulling in power of the mass of bodies. The moon is a third the size of earth. A scale calibrated for the mass on earth weighing 1kg on the earth's surface would weigh only three hundred and thirty-three grams of on the surface of the moon.  

One of the major laws of force and motion Einstein understood as good as Newtown where there is a force (such as the pulling power of gravity) there is an opposite and equal force that resists acceleration called inertia. In other words our familiar G's. It is a pull back weighing down force we experience in high speed acceleration.

Gravity is a force that increases it. The earth two thirds the size of the moon is big enough to slow time a third of a second (three-hundred milliseconds 0.333 second) slower than the moons surface.

On the surface of earth formulae one racing cars struggle to accelerate to a hundred and sixty kilometers an hour (or a hundred miles an hour if you like) in a couple of seconds. On the surface of the moon are third the weight would acceleration performances a third of a second faster reaching maximum speeds of four-hundred and twenty-six kilometers per hour faster than they could on earth.

Lunched in out of space with the engine shut down just it's own rest mass will accelerate effortlessly faster than bullets and shells can ever hope to travel on earth in a second. There is so much earth mass speeds way-way bellow average bullet speeds are stomach churning to say the lest. Not to the free drifting in space it's not. Standing on a traveling asteroid there is no sense of any high speed motion. In fact we don't sense the earth's faster than bullet and artillery shell speed orbit and spin speed round the sun.

Only on the surface of earth we experience stationary and acceleration movement of cars to tennis balls described in quintiles, of distance acceleration and constant velocity. The rest mass of a tennis ball will travel in the zero resistance of open space way-way beyond bullets speeds could ever travel on earth non stop for ever.

In Einstein's General theory of relativity a person standing in the middle of Antarctica of the south pole doesn't experience any upside down sensation at all only a looking upward sensation as equally as a person standing in the middle of the Artic circle of the North pole.

Einstein's General theory predicts space is flexible like rubber. Cosmic bodies like stars and planets act like huge weights bending it. According to Isaac Newton the mass of the Artic circle of the earth's north pole's attractive force pulls space inward towards it as much as the mass of Antarctica of the south pole it pulls inward. 

Both poles pulling inward together the whole mass of the earth pulling space inward where space is  raped round the entire circumference like plastic shrink rap compressing an apple. As a result a shrunken reign of distorted space surrounding the earth's entire circumference.

The mass of the streets of your neighborhood is shrinking space in an inward pull trajectory as much as the streets of the neighborhood the other side of the world is. This distorted region is an inward collapse of space compressing the atmosphere we breath the oceans of the world us and the thin crust of the surface.

The basics of Albert Einstein's special theory of reality is an introduction to the principle of space time physics if light was invisible like blind person we wouldn't even be aware the universe. All we would be aware of is motionless. Despite feeling no motion there is no such thing as stationery anywhere in the universe. Everything is in constant motion. 

Galaxies travel straight lines dragging orbiting stars with them. Our milky way galaxy is no exception dragging our sun with it while the sun spins on it's axis dragging the solar system with it every planet orbiting our star while spinning on their axes.

Cosmologists belief the universe is accelerating aside, the previous belief the universe was static every galaxy is a maximum costing speed limit. They just don't coast any faster. Despite way-way faster than bullet and artillery shells could ever hope to travel on earth they travel at maximum coasting velocities way-way slower than light speed.

According to cosmologist belief the universe is accelerating will probably end up racing past the speed of light or may even already be faster. If light maintains a constant speed there will be a distance light has to travel to reach galaxy to galaxy. Or light could well be effected  by the acceleration maintaining a constant distance between each galaxy. According to cosmologists everything including light is increasing speed.

According to Einstein motion has the same distorting properties as the mass of bodies distorting space and time. In other words the G's of motion. Our clocks are slowed by the earth's massive bulk the length of time every time the second hand of clocks move every division.  Time in the zero resistance of space is faster than each second hand tick on the surface of earth.

On the top floor of a hundred story building clock second hands are a few microseconds (micro from the standard metric prefix system for a millionth) faster than a clock second hand movement at street level. Deep inside the earth, under our feet clock second hands are slowed down even further by a few milliseconds. (milli- mill-lee, for a thousandth). 

Time in the core is much slower than an orbit round earth. The higher the orbit the faster clock second hands move. The amount of time a clock second hand on the surface of earth at sea level by the time we say one thousand and one, the start and end of every second.

According to clocks time is mathematically symmetrical allowing us to design a time machine. Clock faces are divided into sixty second divisions serving a duel purpose for minutes. 

Mathematics divides circles into three hundred and sixty divisions. Our curiosity stimulates our mathematical instinct aggress it is only a matter of asking ourselves how many minutes go into three sixty digress. It pans out every division equals a six degree angle. Every position of the minute and hour hand represents every geometric triangle possible.

If we open out the circle of clock faces to a straight line there will be the same even sixty divisions we can plot in a straight line. Each division a second long in the straight line. 

Our mathematical instinct agrees if there is sixty seconds in a minuet and sixty minutes in an hour all tolled there will be sixty times sixty (sixty squared) seconds in an hour including an hour in the rolled out straight line. It pans out to three thousand six hundred division straight edge ruler every division a second of time. It's liken to a computer word processor cursor or I beams moving a letter per second though any sentence. We can shuffle cursors though our work in seconds.

Our mathematical instinct also agrees if a day is twenty-four hours simply multiplying three thousand six hundred seconds pans out to eighty-six thousand four hundred seconds in every day.

Any circle with eighty six thousand four hundred division opened out to a straight line will equal the same number of divisions of the circle in a day. Equally a straight line with eighty-six thousand four hundred divisions rolled into a circle will equal the eighty-six thousand four hundred straight line divisions rolled into a circle. 

Every box that visually isolates each date in every calendar with any straight line between them amounts to eighty-six thousand four hundred division representing every second equaling eighty-six thousand four hundredth of every day. At every line that divides every date is twelve midnight a.m. and p.m.

Every time the second hand moves every division is eighty six thousand four hundredth of a day. Adding up every second equals a day. Math's can't lie you know.

The three hundred and sixty five days of the Gregorian calendar the world uses today measures the time the earth's speed complete orbit round the sun. In actual fact a little over a day over. Our clocks measure every day as every twelve midnight in the morning to twelve midnight in the evening of the same day the time a complete spin on it's axis. Again a little over twenty-four hours. Three hindered and sixty five twelve midnight a.m. to twelve midnight p.m. every orbit. Every third February the calendar is 366 day leap year.

In the black void of out of empty space everything is at a permanent constant velocity. There is no such thing as stationary or acceleration.

On the surface of earth a comfortable walk is motion to us. We can walk a distance of a meter per per second. Details of acceleration and constant speed are described in physic text books about it.

Our mathematical instinct agrees equals to the equivalent of walking up to three thousand six hundred meters by the time a one hour long TV program. In kmph terms the standard metric system prefix K for kilo denotes 3.6Kmph constant velocity. Of course there is mph terms if you like.

Every time second hands of clocks move a division light had just coasted in the zero resistance of space just less than a distance of three hundred thousand kilometers. 

If we observed time on earth from a light speeds point of view a person would take the equivalent of a long weekend to walk just one meter. Although light speed point of view may see our environment's time frozen in time as on the surface of earth as it races past but from our point of view light of light speed travels two hundred and ninety-nine thousand seven hundred and ninety-two kilometers, five hundred and forty-eight meters in the same amount of distance in a second.

From a mph perspective from light speeds point of view of every second on earth would be a hundred and eighty-six thousand times as slow while from our point of view of light speed is a hundred and eighty-six thousand times as fast. This means from our point of view every second of earth time is equivalent of a space time three hundred thousand kilometers every second. From light speeds point of view of earth time every earth second equivalent of less than three hundred thousand seconds.

Our mathematical instinct agrees it is a simple matter of multiplying three km per second by three thousand six hundred seconds in of an hour to convert to kmph term that pans out to ten thousand eight hundred kmph velocity. And with miles six hundred and sixty-nine million mph.

Our mathematical instinct agrees we can figure out how many meters go into three hundred thousand kilometers by asking our selves how many meters go into three thousand kilometers. 

We know there is a thousand meters in a kilometer. Three with five zeros for three hundred thousand. Adding three more zeros a total of to the British three hundred thousand thousand meters in three hundred thousand kilometers and to the Americans three hundred million meters.

Mathematics tells us the reciprocal of three hundred thousand thousand meters is three hundred thousand thousandth (or billionth) of a second. It is the time light travels a meter we walk a meter in a second. In other words from  light speeds point of view of time on the surface of earth a person walks a meter three hundred thousand thousand times as slow. In mph terns a hundred and eighty-six thousand times as slow.

Walking a meter per second velocity accounting for stopping for the cross now at traffic lights and other variables is an average velocity written as V. The creek letter delta is used allowing for those variable changes in distance how long it takes to walk a distance in a busy neighborhood. Every second of our travel light is a distance of three hundred thousand kilometers away from our eyes.

Average speed equals distance over (dived) time.

The law of mathematics allows us to apply variations of this formula.

Time equals average speed multiply distance.  

Distance equals time over average speed.

Average speed equals time multiplied by distance respectively.

Car magazine review data is a example of the laws. Maximum performance such as 0 to a given kilometers (or miles if you like) per hour in a couple of seconds. 0 to 80kmph (or 50mph) in three seconds is one example. 

It can also mean 50 to 80kmph in two seconds per second per second constant change in speed written a = ms/ with a little razed two just to the right of the slash. We can test it applying the laws of mathematics we did with the constant velocity.

Despite the zero resistance in the black void of space light doesn't coast any faster less than the three hundred thousand kilometers per second. It is light's maximum coasting speed limit. It just doesn't coast any faster in any zero resistance environment. This means from light speed point of view doesn't see time one earth any slower than we see it as fast.

Everything in the universe has a maximum speed limit, including stars and galaxies. When a body is lunched in the zero resistance of out of space it accelerates to it's maximum constant speed limit in a couple of seconds expressed as a terminal acceleration. A pull back force of inertia acts on it during acceleration. The inertia terminates acceleration to a maximum speed it can't travel any faster, the energy stored in the mass at the constant velocity called Kinetic energy. This two is maximum.

Only on earth we experience acceleration at such tiny velocities. We experience the pull back force of inertia in high speed acceleration pinning us back commonly known as G-force, G for gravity because of the note Albert Einstein observed similar to the force weighing us down pinning us back in into our seats like gravity does we experience in any high speed acceleration. It is said the acceleration pulls a given G's. 

We experience the earth's mass pulling power pulling us to the ground our normal body weight nominated as a 1G the equivalent of a kilogram per cubic meter of compression better known as 9.8 Newtown's, the force of the earth's mass pulling in power force.

This maximum coasting speed limit applies to a speck of dust to entire galaxies in the zero resistance of deep space. The earth suspended weightless rotating on its axis we don't feel any force in either the orbit or spin motion.

Apart for cosmologist belief the universes is accelerating the old idea everything was static meant  everything in the zero resistance of outer of space coasted at their maximum speed limits. They just don't travel any faster. Velocities are way-way faster than the maximum bullet speeds can travel on earth.

Bullets are expelled by the power of explosive forces. The earth, our sun and our milky way Galaxy as everything else are at their maximum coasting speeds just from the power of their own mass.

If galaxies are moving away from each other light has father to travel extending the space time between them. They are either increasing speed just from the own mass, meaning terminal velocity is increasing or an energy accelerating them called cosmologist express as some sort of dark energy.

In a static universe galaxies just don't  travel any faster. Here on the surface of earth as any planet we feel tiny velocities as motion. For example we feel a tug pulling us forward stepping out of a vehicle traveling less than a couple of kmph. An astronaut can step out of a space station hatch orbiting earth without noticing a thing. In other words the pulling power of the earth mass enhances the pulling force inherited in motion.

Rolla coaster action is a classic example of the G-force physics here on earth. Only on earth we feel such power in minute velocities. In every Roller coaster we feel the pull back force pulling us back into our seats every time the train accelerates expressed as positive G's. Negative G's when we feel a weightlessness acting on us that scary and fun feeling we feel when it stops once maximum speed is reached. 

It also occurs when the train reaches the top of a vertical climb before falling back. At the peak loose bodies will suspend in mid air in weightlessness for a brief second before being pulled back down with the train from the pull of the earth's mass.

NSA uses fast doping aircraft to generate negative G's to train astronauts in weightlessness. It is caused by the earth pulling down power damping velocity to sub space levels. Einstein's special theory of relativity predicts once a plane reaches height maximum falling back down speed it can't drop any faster where trainees lift off the fuselage floor frolicking about in negative G fun. The negative G acts as an antigravity force canceling out the earth's mass pulling power inside the fuselage. When planes slow down to level out returns to normal in the fuselage where everybody falls to the floor.

If we experiment with a 1Kg mass (a 1Kg packet of cheese or batter for argument sake) suspending over the ledge of the top floor of a 100 story sky scrapper we feel the potential energy that feels like giant hand pulling on it.

When we let go the earth's mass snatches it to a meter in a second and stops accelerating to a constant one meter per second constant free fall velocity down the side of the building at terminal velocity finally colliding with the immovable body of the earth in the form of the street bellow. 

If we turn a video recoding side ways we can see the equivalent of in motion on a sideways plane and the drama of the of collision. Including in the zero resistance of space as on earth is a force of 1kg - 3.6kmph terminal velocity instant stop impact. The force of the kinetic energy try's to keep the mass falling but can't so is compression into the the street for a second before returning to it's normal mass.

The one Kg is light enough bounce in a unpredictable trajectory a couple of times before settling down to rest. A basket ball filled with concrete will absorb the impact.

The kinetic energy equals a equivalent of a G force, two ones are two of kinetic energy of G's in two Joules the unit of energy. If it was 2Kg the earth's mass will accelerate it two meters in a second where acceleration is terminated to two meters per second constant velocity. The G-force of the kinetic energy is two, twos are four Joules. 

If 3kg the G's would increase to three threes is nine Joules of Kinetic energy at there meters per second constant velocity. If 4kg the earths mass will accelerate it to 4 meters in a second to a constant velocity of 4 meters per second with a kinetic energy of four fours are sixteen Joules of kinetic energy. 

If 5kg will a have a Kinetic energy of five fives is twenty-five Joules. If 6Kg six sixes or if 7kg seven sevens and so on. Kinetic energy in Joules of a free falling mass is the mass of a body squared kinetic energy of the falling mass.  

A free falling 100kg mass free fall will have a impacting kinetic energy force at 100 meters per second at terminal velocity. Mass stays the same the kinetic energy changes by the square of the velocity. A 100kg in terms of kmph pans out to 360kmph 100kg free falling mass works out to ten thousand Joules of kinetic energy.

This means despite asteroids being weightless in out of space they still have mass and the Kinetic energy stored in them in their travel. Asteroid mass is measured by the physical dimension. Their own mass coasting velocity equals the kinetic energy impact.

The law of thermal dynamics tells us compression produces heat. The heat we feel pumping up a tire already tight with a hand pump is not from friction you know. The more we compress something already compressed the hotter it gets. The mass of the earth's crust is compressing the mantel keeping the magma (lava when it flows on the surface in volcanic eruptions) constantly molten.

The earth spins on it's axis at about a 30 degree angle. This puts the mass of the Artic circle at about an 11 o'clock and the mass of Antarctica about a 5 o'clock angle. Both poles compress the earth's crust into a slight egg shape at the equator. The earth's pull is slightly different at the equator than the poles.

The Gregorian calendar we uses today every twelve midnight is a date change.

Digital time pieces tell us there is no such thing as a 24 read out. 23:59 including fifty-nine seconds a second before 00:00 changing a new date. There are no hours no minutes and no seconds for a second.

The digital clocks don't have a second column instead the blinking colon between the numbers that count down the first minute to 00:01 counting down in the second minute.

00:59 ends the first hour. 01:00 the colon counting down a minute past one in the morning. The numbers repeat at 02:00, 03:00 and 04:00 (O one hundred, O two hundred. O three hundred in the morning and so on a total of twenty-three hours fifty-nine minutes and fifty-nine seconds. It is a second after changes to the next new date. This repeats indefinitely every day for months and years at a time. 

The earth's spin angle time is not the same everywhere in the world. The earth's spin puts the south west Pacific the first new date of every day. The North east Atlantic is twelve midday the previous date. The east Atlantic is always a whole date change behind the south Pacific. A map of the international date lines tell us this. What would be a date and time for one city would be a different date and time for another city.

In other words a time machine is faced with the same international time coordinate as GPS tracking of the world.

Every time the second hand of a clock moves a division light travels less than three hundred thousand kilometers. Simple math's can calculate the seconds from twelve midnight date change were ever it is on the International Date Line. three thousand six hundred  ( sixty squared) times twenty-four, the distance light traveled in a second. (Or mile term for the whole day).

Operating on the on the principle we can calculate the seven days of every week, every month and year. Taking into account of the extra day at the end of every 3rd February leap year the distance light travels a decade, a century, millennia (thousand years) a million a billion even trillions of centuries pass on earth.

We don't observe the sunlight that just left the sun now until a little less than 8 minutes into the future. By the time, you're half way though this sentence it is less than three hundred thousand kilometers (or a hundred and eighty six thousand miles if you like) above the sun’s surface.

Real time on earth sunlight we see now that just left the sun 8 minutes ago every second. We see it now as an image of the sun as it was then every eight minutes ago every second. Every time the second hand of a clock moves a division is less then three hundred thousand kilometers away from the surface of earth.

Hollywood and TV science fiction once featured mechanical consoles and time machines. Today it is rather advance technology of glass touch screens swiping file instructions to computers to teleport to a destination or time travel. They make it all seem so routine don't they.

Every second hand of a clock represents a now second that was once a future second. Time  travels abandoned properties and vehicle deterioration arrow of time. In time an abandoned house eventually deteriorate into dumps and cars rot to wrecks called entropy. It is an agonizingly slow processes called low entropy. Rotting fruit don't take long by comparison a high entropy. Our body's follow this entropy rule as we get older every birthday.

To most of us seconds are dismissed as irreverent. We feel sports and science winning and losing our sports hero's by fractions of seconds just unnecessarily nick picking. But in truth, seconds are the building blocks of the present minute.

Every second in the present minute is the building blocks of the present hour. Every second of an hour is  the building blocks of the present day. Every second of every day is the building blocks of each future day of the a week. Every second in those two weeks is the building blocks of a fortnight which every second are the building blocks of every future month. Every second of a month are the building blocks of every future year. 

Every second of a year are the building blocks of every future decade. Every second of a every decade are the building blocks of every century. Every second of a century is the building blocks of every millennia (thousand years or 10 centuries if you like) Every second of every millennia are the building blocks of every million years. Each second of every million years are the building blocks of billions of year and so on. Every second hand movement is  the distance light travels every second no matter how long the time.

A span of time smaller than a regular second of the universe called a Planck time often expressed as a Planck second. It is a Plank constant that is 1 divided by 10 forty-three times multiplied by 6.626. It pans out to thirty-nine zeros on the right of 6262 a total of a 43 decimal fraction of a second. 

Mathematics tells us the reciprocal is 1 multiplied by 10 forty-three times the same 6262 on the left of the same 39 zeros (6.262 times 10 to the 43 and 6.262 times 10 to the minus 43 respectively). In short 6.262 times 10 to the 43 Plank times equals 1 second.

We never observe fallen glasses reassemble back up off the floor at any speed against gravity back onto tables with out a crack mark on them. Yet there are Hollywood and TV wonder adventures into the past.

There is two points of view of traveling though time. One is the view point of the environment's time moving backwards or forwards and the point of view of environment observing the travelers.

Light travels a distance of less than 300 thousand kilometers (299 thousand 972 kilometers and 548 meters or a 186 thousand miles to be exact if you like), by the time the second hand of a clock moves a division. Despite the zero resistance of deep space it doesn't coast any faster. It is at it's maximum coasting speed limit every second hand division movement.

The sunlight we see from the sun takes a little less than 8 minuets to reach our eyes. The sun is the nearest star to earth only 8 light minutes away. In real time we don't see light that just left the sun now until 8 minutes into the future. What we see of the sunlight in real time now on earth is only images of the light as the sun was 8 minuets ago every second.

By the time you are half away thought this sentence light is less than 300 thousand kilometers from the sun and the same distance away from earth every second. 

Time on earth is based on the Gergieon calendar the world uses today based on a date change of every 12 midnight.

Digital time pieces tell us their is no such thing as a 24 hour period. Read outs display a second before the date changes 23 hours 59 minutes and 59 seconds. 24 hours is when the numbers all reset to zero no hours, no minutes and no seconds (00:00:00) of the first second of the new date change.

The first second ends at 00:00:01. Our digital time pieces don't have second columns instead a blinking colon (:). Every blink is a deep space time the distance light travels every second.

The colon blinks 60 times when the time piece reads out 00:01 ending the first minute past 12 midnight. It repeats till 00:02 the distance light traveled in another minute. The sequence repeats until 00:03 and so 00:04 and so on, every blink of the colon equals the distance light travels a second.

The sequence repeats till 00:59 resetting to 01:00 ending the first hour beginning the second hour of the day. The number repeats ending each hour 02:00  two in the morning and so 03:00  three in the morning and so on till 23:59 changing to a new date at 00:00 again.

Teleportation and transported though time the earth is spinning on it's axis about 30 degrees putting the mass of the Artic circle of the North pole about an 11 O'clock angle  and the mass of Antarctica at the south pole at 5 O'clock coordinates. This puts the deep south pacific the first corner of the earth a new 12 midnight date change and the North east Artic circle the previous date at 12 midday. When it is 12 midday south pacific time it is a new date change at 12 midnight North east Atlantic time. Flat maps of the earth show international date lines where every country a deferent time at the same time.

Where ever on earth teleported in real time or time travel one part of the world to the other or to the past or future is always same overlap of international time zone in each date somewhere in the world.

Quantum physics weirdness suggests teleportation real time (to the future or past ) from our intuitive point of view agrees the laws of physics may be different. The two different view points of a travelers point of view observing the environments time during transition and  from the environment obverses point of view observing the traveler durying the same transition

Take teleportation in real time for example.

Imagine 0 to a distance of a 160km (or a 100 miles if you like) in a second. There is always from the teleported view point of the environment's time and the environment observers point of view of the moving traveller. If we could travel a 160 kilometres to a stop in a second  we may observe Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity view point of the environment's time may kick in. 

Our intuitive thinking agrees at take off we should accelerate to a distance of 80km in half second and come to a stop in another 80km in another half second evening total of a distance of 160km to a stop in a second.

From our point of view should observe the environment's time slow down the faster we accelerate the slower the environment's time seems getting slower and slower until which point we apply the breaks at a distance of 80k.

At this point the environment may look sped up again as we slow down getting faster and faster until we reach a point a second into the future we started take off a 160km away.

From our point of view it may take the equivalent of several seconds to be a second into the environment's future 160km away the same amount of time as the environment observer sees us. Time from our point of view and the environment's may be meaningless.

There are two possibilities from an environment observers point of view of our trip. One we may look a star Trek ship warp drive take off where the series showed the front end of ships stretched into the distance followed by the rear snapping in disappearing out of sight. We could look similar stretched for a distance of a 160km snapping in the total distance in a second. Or we could just disappear entirely reappearing a 160km away in a second. What ever the outcome, there will always be the two opposing view points showing completely different experiences at the same time.

Slowing down to a stop showed the slower we go the faster the environment's time appears to go. If we apply this to light speed we would be accelerating and stopping in a distance of 300 thousand kilometers in one second.

Our intuitive nature suggests we'd be applying the brakes at a distance of a 150km in half second and come to a complete stop in another 150km in another half second. It pans out the equivalent of circling the circumference of earth 7 times in the same amount of time a second hand of every clock moves a division. 

It suggests 7 times round the world in one second equals 4 and a half times in half a second of acceleration and another 4 and a half times in anther half second of deceleration to come to a stop to equal the total distance to a stop in a second 7 times round trip.

What would we see of the environment's time. I will use light speed itself because the G's and atmosphere would destroy us to atoms less than 4 and a half times round the earth after take off.

From our point of view we see light speed travel a distance of less than 300 thousand kilometers every time the second hands of clocks move every division. According to Einstein's special theory of relativity if we could observe the environment's time on earth from light speeds point of view we would observe it as slow the reciprocal of the speed we observe it. 

For example we would observe clock second hands frozen in time. In reality it is moving though time equivalent of 300 thousand seconds to travel the same 300 thousand kilometers we see it travel in a second. If do the math's miles applies. (A 186 thousand seconds per 168 thousand miles equals 1.86 miles per second times a 186 thousand miles)

In other words from our point of view we see light travel 300 thousand kilometers per second and light speed's point of view sees time on earth travel 3km per second. Because light speed doesn't go any faster than it's maximum it doesn't see time on earth go any slower than that. It is the maximum slowness. Time may look stopped but is an illusion of going to slow to observe moving anymore. Clock second hands for example. 

Just because we can't observe the second hand of clocks moving anymore don't necessarily mean it isn't moving though time.

Positive and Negative G's

We all experience a pull back torque in every high speed acceleration. We commonly express this as G's of the accelerating body. Rolla Coaster accelerations are an example. We feel the equivalent of being weighed down by several kilograms (or pounds if you like) upon us. The acceleration torque force is in Newtown's.

There is a universe law that tells us everything has a maximum speed limit. Despite the zero resistance of space from a speck of dust to entire galaxies including light, all coast at maximum speed limit. Cosmologies belief the universe is accelerating aside, stars and galaxies don't travel any faster than their constant velocities.

On the surface of earth we feel acceleration as a positive G. An example of negative G when we feel the G's has stopped. What we feel is an uncontrolled weightlessness feeling.

This is because acceleration is terminated where everything just doesn't go any faster. We know this with cars. Despite peddle to the metal no car can go any faster than their maximum speed. They just can't go any faster. Since they can't go any faster terminated acceleration (in negative G) keeps the vehicle uncontrollably light weight. At the maximum speed limit the negative G's makes the vehicle so light it is hard to control.

Albert Einstein was the first person to recognize G in his special theory of relativity. The faster we accelerate the more we are pulled back. The speeding body terminates to a constant velocity of the negative G's.

NSA uses the maximum doping speed of aircraft to generate negative G's to train astronauts in the weightlessness of outer space Albert Einstein's special theory of reality predicted over a 100 years ago.

Once a plane reaches maximum free fall speed it doesn't drop any faster. Trainees lift off the fuselage floor frolicking about enjoying the uncontrollable weightlessness of the negative G fun. Fighter pilots often experience the same thing strapped in their seats. Einstein's special theory predicted this published in 1905. Maximum speed free fall of any plane matches the earth's gravity canceling itself out acting as an antigravity vehicle. When planes slow down to level out gravity returns to normal. Everybody falls to the floor by the return of normal gravity.

A body entering orbit of a planet increasing speed by the planets mass past escape velocity will sling shot away leave the planet in a new continues straight line coordinate for ever. Using this effect a gathering speed speed space craft circling the planet until escape velocity speed just the right place will send the it into any planed projectory we want.

Albert Einstein was the first scientist to describe G's in his special theory traveling on a light speed scale. The special theory predicts the physics of the artificial gravity of doughnut space stations. If spinning fast enough create a continues positive G providing gravity for the inhabitence
Constant velocity has energy. We know this in speeding impact. We feel it in what was stored in the speeding body called kinetic energy felt as negative G. We can take a lesson from the pulling power of the earth's mass on a 1kg mass.

When we hold a 1kg cheese over the ledge of the top floor of a tall of a 100 story sky scrapper we can feel the earths mass pulling on it. We are feeling first hand the force of the earth mass on a 1kg mass called potential energy.

When we let go the earth's mass snatches it accelerating to a meter the initial torque where acceleration is terminated to a constant velocity free fall. The 1kg packet drops all the way down the side of the building at terminal velocity impacting with the immovable body of the earth in the form of the street bellow. The packet has become considerably distorted from the impact of the kinetic energy released though it. Kinetic energy is in Joules.

The famous 16th century British scientist Isaac Newton describes the mass of bodies as attractive force we called gravity. If we do the math's on this the 1 meter per second terminal velocity is equivalent to the potential of 3.6kmph 1kg impact of energy stored in it during free fall. Force is in Newton's where the pulling force of the earth's mass pans out to 9.8N the unit of the pulling power of the earth's gravity.

Mathematics tells us force equals mass times acceleration. The laws of mathematics say the formulae pans out into 3 off shoot variants of the same sum.

One. Force equals acceleration times mass.

Two. Acceleration equals mass over force.

And three. Mass equals force over acceleration respectively.

This can be tested using the same numbers in every formulae
No matter which way we do the sum any 1kg mass is a meter per second fee fall velocity in the earth's gravity. If we do the math's on this in terms of kmph velocity pans out to 3.6kmph of potential kinetic energy impact force of 1 Joule.

If the mass was 2kg the earth mass will accelerate it to 4 meters in the same amount of time of a parallel falling 1kg  terminating to a constant velocity of 4 meters every second. If 3Kg will accelerate to 9 meters in the same second to a terminal acceleration of 9 meters per second. If 4kg will accelerate 16 meters in the same second.

Our mathematical instinct agrees one 1's are 1. Two 2's are 4. Three 3's are 9. Four 4's are 16 and if 5kg, 5 fives are 25, or if 6kg six 6's, and so on. For example a free falling 3Kg mass pans out to 9 Joules or 6kg 36 joules of kinetic energy respectively.

In other words kinetic energy equals the square of the free falling mass. While the initial acceleration torque and impacting forces is in Newtown's the stored kinetic energy is in Joules. The pulling power of the earth's mass pans out to be a force of 9.8 Newtown's the unit of the earth's gravity.

A straight line motion bent into a circle is circular motion. We are all familiar with centrifugal force effects. The rotating forces we experience in merry-go- rounds is a good example.
Merry go round swings on the outer edge have more distance to travel than the inner ones. The force on the outer swings are trying to send them straight ahead force to go round. Because of the distance they have to travel round the circumference of the circle is where most the most force is concentrated.

The inner swings have less distance so there is less force. An experiment can be conducted with a loose object in the center of a spinning disk. Although precariously balance in the center maximum centrifugal force is always concentrated more at the outer edge. Marginal forces are always in the center. A pin pined right in the center will not be circulating but just spins on it's own axis. Some of us forget this when we they think of spinning black holes.

An argument says the center called the singularity has virtual no force were it is needed the most to break open an aperture here. This precedes the argument that reminds us the of force concentrated round the outer limits called the event horizon.

A further argument tells us it may not matter anyway as the centrifugal force stress on the event horizon could be enough to travel through safety skirting pass avoiding the immense gravitational pull of the singularity. Never the less there is still the argument of the limitation of maximum speed of light speed.

Our intuitive thinking tells us while the event horizon is spinning at light speed the singularity should spin faster than light. Never the less as some of us suggest the laws of physics as we know it break down inside black holes.

The hypothesis  suggests if the event horizon is spinning at light speed singularities should be spinning faster than light. Or as quantum physics will agree both a hypnosis of this suggests the singularity and event horizon should spin at the same time either at event horizon speed or singularity speed. The law of physics as we no it braking down will argue there should be no reason why not there is infinite or no such thing as any velocity.

Then there is this intuitive argument if the infinite inward pull of a singularity would need an infinite centrifugal-force just to break it apart the finite value of light speed will not be able to supply.

Light travels in a straight line a constant distance of just under 300 thousand kilometers, (299 thousand 792 and 548 meters or a 186 thousand miles if you wish to be exact) by the time a second hand of clocks move every division. Because of the maximum speed limits of all things universe light doesn't travel the zero resistance of deep space the distance any faster than every tick. If we do the math's on this we can convert the per second term to kmph (or mph if you like) term.

If light accelerated it would be an acceleration of 0 to a distance of just less than 300 thousand kilometers in a second. It is equivalent of 7 times round the earth in that amount of time.  We don't have to be Einstein's to realize the G's and air resistance we'd feel if we accelerated to that velocity in a second on the surface of earth.

Einstein was was inspired by a sudden thought of a person falling doesn't feel their weight. Skydivers leaping from a plane are snatched by the earth mass pulling power (gravity if you like) accelerating to maximum speed where the earth's mass can't pull any faster. Planes remain at a constant free falling weightlessness of negative G's. It is what makes sky diving so much fun. It takes an average person about a 120 meters (several sky scraper stories) in a few seconds of acceleration to reach negative G velocity.

Astronauts feel positive G's in accelerating rocket ship accelerating to the earth's escape velocity. They feel weighed down as if the earth's gravity was stronger. They feel the relief of weightless negative G when the rocket reaches the escape velocity. Both world wars and modern fighter pilots experience a similar effect in their violent combat maneuvers.

They experience changes in positive to negative G's and back in their high speed maneuvers we feel in the twist and turns of Roller coaster rides without slowing down. We all experience the positive G's of the the Rolla Coaster train at  high speed twisting and turning stresses. We experience the negative G weightlessness at the peaks of every loop before switching to positive G's on accent.
World war two German stuka diver bomber crews experienced positive G's during accelerating runs before the plane couldn't accelerate any more. At this point the positive G shifted into the weightlessness of negative G at the moment of the maximum dive bombing speed before pulling out of the dive.

One of Isaac Newton's laws tells us all bodies travel in a straight line forever. Only an external force acting on it can change their direction. A classic example are asteroids. Once anything is lunched in the zero resistance of space they accelerate to a maximum coasting speed in a few seconds and stay at a constant costing speed in a straight line indefinitely. They just don't go an faster. Everything including planets, stars and galaxies are constantly coasting at their maximum velocities. and light is no exception.

We can safely say the maximum coasting speed of light in the zero resistance of any vacuum coasts just under 300 thousand kilometers per second. It just doesn't go an faster than that. It travels the distance ever time the second hand of a clock moves a division across the universe.

In effect Newtown's laws define despite the zero resistance of deep space all bodies obeys the same law coasting at their maximum speeds in a permanent state of a negative G environment. Only a gravitational pull and collision can change their speed and direction shifting into positive G's. Negative G's occur when anybody can't go any faster and light is know exception.

Fighter pilot maneuvers and we feel these same shifts in Rolla coasters hitting curves, twist and turns in the track without slowing down trying pull the train (or plane) straight ahead every twist and turn.
According to Newtown the mass of the Artic circle of the north poll is an attractive inward pulling force as much as the mass of Antarctica at the south pole is equally an inward pulling force.

According to Einstein the earth's mass bends space. If we think in terms of Newton gravity means
both poles are pulling space inwards towards the center of earth form opposite ends of the globe. Space is raped round the entire circumference like plastic shrink rap compressing an apple. 

Einstein's general theory of relativity tells us  as a result of this stretching, is a region of distorted space round the entire earth. According to this earth's atmosphere we breath, the oceans of the world, us and the crust we live on are all pressed hard on molten magma beneath our feet by this distorted space like plastic shrink rap squeezing pressure on a piece of food. The mass of your neighborhood is bending bending space in a inward pull force as much as the neighborhood on the other side of the world is. 

The earth spins on it's axis at about a 30 degree angle. This puts the mass of the mass of the Artic circle at about an 11 o'clock and the mass of Antarctica about a 5 o'clock angle. The mass of both poles compress the earth's crust into a slight egg shape at the equator. Gravity is slightly different at the equator than the poles.

One G is a force of each pole mass pulling us to the surface hypothetically the level we experience our normal body weight. It is roughly the equivalent to a about kilogram of compression per cubic meter at sea level expressed as 9.8 Newtown's of force

Our sun provides the necessity for life on earth. But Hypothetically the earth's orbit round the sun and spin must have some stress on earth as a whole. According to Isaac Newton and Einstein space is pulled in by the mass of the earth compressing the the earth's atmosphere we breath, the oceans of the world and us and the crust compressing magma (the same molten material flowing on the surface we call lava) beneath our feet.

Despite the inward pull pressure of gravity the earth's atmosphere is in constant state of fluid motion. It has high and low pressure regions drifting about all over the world. High pressure is a state when pressure is relatively high tending to be highly stable weather. Wind virtually remain motionless.

The low pressure regions are a state of pressure drops dragging in surrounding moisture. The charging air is sucked in by the low pressure creating relatively unstable weather.
High and low pressure systems often run up against one another. High pressure tend to end up as low pressure blocking highs. Sometimes their is a stabilized blocking high pressure system remaining stationary where the low pressure keeps deepening resulting in a couple of days of lingering bad weather. High pressure regions move when low pressure boundaries erode the high pressure boundaries changing the high pressure. Humidity of the atmosphere is the result of heat from the sun.

A law of thermal dynamics tells us the heat we feel pumping up a tire that is already tight with a pump is not from friction you know. It is heat produced when we compress something already compressed. The more pressure squeezing an already compact material the hotter it becomes. Active volcanic crater lakes where Melton lave sloshes and boils are evidence magma is constantly boiling. Temperatures are comparable with the sun millions of degrees Fahrenheit hot enough for rock to be fluid enough to slosh about in waves. 

According thermal dynamics tells us billons of tones per cubic kilometer of the earth's crust pressure keeps the magma constantly boiling. The earth is the only widely known planet in the solar system with a an extensive broken up crust floating like rafts on this boiling material.

Billons of tones of overriding plates push down on other plates into the magma in some places of the world. In other places grind past each other.  Other parts of the world pull apart opposite directions.
Billions of tones of slowly overriding pressure boundary plates re-melt sold rock a couple of kilometers further down.

The boiling material is squeezed up by pressure of the relentlessly moving solid rock up fractures in the solid mantle. Under  boiling pressure and the relentless squeezing pressure on the magma has nowhere else to to go is pushed up ascending like an elevator up the fissure exploding into various types of volcanic eruptions. These range from supper heated lava less gas explosions to fluid lava outburst.

Earthquakes can also occur when these boundaries slip, jerking forward and upwards over the overridden plate several meters. We feel a rippling of the solid crust and fluid magma like colliding railway box car ripples traveling though the media popping the surface as earthquakes. Under sea  continental rises raze traveling water in the form of tidal wave avalanches inundating the coast.

The inverse suqare law

To most of us the term inverse square law sounds like a strange mouth full. Inverse is term for opposite. When a plane fly's upside down it is said to be is inverted. When you look at yourself in a mirror your left becomes your right and your right becomes your left. From your point of view everything about your face is inverted. From a persons point of view of your face is opposite to your point of view of the point of view of our face.

Another example of inverse is fond in image editor programs where the inverse menu inverts images into negatives. Black and white line drawings white become black the black lines become white. Colour images too. The opposite to green is red and the opposite to red is green and the opposite to brown is blue and the opposite to blue is brown respectively.

In mathematical terms a square is when a number is multiplied by itself. Our mathematical instinct agrees as there is 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minuets in an hour is only a matter of 60 sixties. 60 multiplied by 60 pans out to a total of all the seconds that go into a one hour long TV program. 

An hour long TV program equals 60 squared. Squares are is written with a little razed 2 just to the right of any number. All that is needed for this is a symbol for seconds of an hour equals 60 squared.

Our mathematical instant agrees If we do the reverse (invert) 3 thousand 600 divided by 60 brings us back to the root of the square in this case a minute (in seconds) to an hour long TV program called a square root. The symbol is a tick like symbol over any number. Thus the square root of an hour long TV program is the square root of 3 thousand 600. Mathematics can't lie you know.

A minute in seconds entered into any 2 dollar calculator 60 times 60 equals 3 thousand 600 is a square of an hour. Divided by 60 seconds (or a minute) equals 60 seconds is an inverse. The total sequence for a hour long TV program is an example of a inverse square law.

Isaac Newton used the inverse square law to describe gravity. Take any two bodies a distance apart in meters (or yards apart if you like) body 1 and body 2. (or G1 and G2 if you like)

Our mathematical instinct agrees If the distance between the 2 bodies is 1 meter, and we square it pans out to 2 ones are 2. If we square 2  (2 two's are 4) the distance is stretched 4 meters. If we square 4 meters is a distance is stretched 4 fours are 16 meters. If we square 16 is a distance is shifted 16 sixteens' equal the distance stretched  256 and if we square 256 and so on.

If we invert the sequence the inverse of 256 is 16 meters apart. If we invert 16 meters becomes 4 meters apart If we invert 4 meters apart is 2 meters and if we invert 2 meters is one meter. 256, 16, 4, 2 and one meter apart increments is  inversely proportional to the square of the distance square.