The strange universe

We view the classical law of chemistry and physics the way everything appears to us. Most of the predictions are perfect mathematical constants like light speed. Some of us are predicting the reality is something different. Anybody into challenging mathematics will find math's will be at a loss ( even calculus) to project the constant velocity of any acceleration. There is no such thing until acceleration is terminated to a constant velocity.

A classical example of the mysteries of the universe that comes to mind is the predicted strange effect of the gravitational pull of black holes has on matter space and time. Astrophysicists predict allsorts of wonders from faster than light travel short cut tunnels across the universe called wormholes, time travel and parallel universes that defy the physical laws as we know it to do them.

One of theses is the gravitational pull of what was once known as the theory of dark stars we know today as holes today. Albert Einstein created theory in his special theory of reality creating short cut tunnels in the fabric of space affectionately known as wormholes. Sliding a wormhole is supposed to take us many light yeas distance into the next galaxy in less than a couple of minutes. This faster than light capability was one of Einstein's pet hates.

Then there is the contumacious issue of the speed of gravity, if it has a velocity. Light speed is 186 thousand miles per second. Is the influence of the sun's gravitational field extending the distance holding to the mass of Pluto in an instant? Then there is believed to be a particle called a neutrino a relative of the orbiting particle of the atom called called electrons. According to particle accelerator research they don't interact with matter. The pass right though the earth mass as if it wasn't there.

The way source magazine papers, web sites and science book of the universe, talk about them we'd think not even the gravitational pull of a black holes could capture them. They must travel faster than light. If this is anything to go by we can be safe to say nothing can escape block holes except gravity and neutrinos.

Then there is the strange effect of the study of the particles of the atom called quantum physics.  Light for example randomly does things only a stream of particles can do one second and seems to do things only a waveform can only do the next. Quantum physics seems to tell us particle of atoms all have minds of their own.

They seem to disappeared and reappear in another place at random. The frequency is an incredible 6262 followed by thirty-nine zeros a to total of a 43 digit number per second. It pans out to 1 multiplied by 10 forty-three times multiplied by 6.262 called a Planck constant. The scientific notation 6.262 times 10 to the 43.

Mathematics tells us the reciprocal is a decimal fraction of the same number 1 divided by 10 forty-three times multiplied by 6.262 or 1 divided by 6.262 times 10 to the 43. The scientific notation the minus 43 of a meter, the smallest unit of the universe of a meter in length, a kilogram of mass, a second or frequency.

Physicists say we can't observe the place or position of any particle of the atom because of the of the effect of just looking at them effects them. Atomic particles disappear and reappear in a Planck length every Planck second a Planck frequency every second anywhere another place we are not looking known as tunneling though space, time and matter called quantum leaping.

Atoms the building blocks of matter created in the heart of stars we all effectively made of stars. Every particle of the atom in every star planet and matter of the universe is quantum leaping on a Planck scale including the atomic particle of the atom the make up our bodies.

Most of us have seen distant aircraft seemingly move very slowly almost suspended in mid air. What appears to be a slow moving or even stationary at distances is the illusion of motion.

We don't observe the transition of broad daylight change to the dead of night. All night the moon and stars are suspended in the sky. They just hang there stationary. Nor do we see the changing transition from first light of dawn into board daylight of the new day. The moon and milky way are actually traveling faster than built speeds.

In Einstein's 1905 special theory of reality there is no such thing as stationary. To illustrate this we walk a about 2.2mph (3.6kmp) velocity. In reality we are actually traveling well over bullet speeds spinning on an axis and orbiting the sun. The sun travels though space dragging the solar system with it for the ride traveling round rotating in our spinning milky way galaxy traveling throughout the universe. Nothing is stationary.

Drifting in space there is no sense of motion. An astronaut stepping out of a space station hatch doesn't feel any faster than stationary. Try stepping from a car traveling less than a mile an hour on the surface of earth. We feel a force pulling us the direction of the moving vehicle.

According to Isaac Newton gravity is defined as the mass of bodies attracted to each other. According to Einstein's 1915 general theory of reality agrees mass is consequence of bending space. Bent space is the consequence of gravity.

As Newtown would have probably put at the time, no matter where we are and any tilt on any sphere (or planet if you like) we will always experience the attractive force of the mass of the sphere as it is attracted us. The attractive forces of two masses is easily illustrated by a couple of balls orbiting each other in space. They tend to drift towards each sticking to together. In a asteroid clusters each asteroid is traveling at a velocity faster than each others escape velocities.

The compression of matter in every direction compresses it into a sphere. We know today the earth's tilt puts the Artic circle of the north pole between 11 and 12 O'clock and the Antarctican continent of the south pole between 5 and 6 O'clock angle. The mass of the two poles compress inward both ends a bulge at the equator.

People standing in the center of the Artic circle will experience looking upward to the milky way at that angle. The same is true standing in the middle of the opposite pole. The tilt has it's consequences astronomers observe the constellations of the milky way circle in an arch above them. The stars never go bellow the horizon. 

In the summer months the sun never dips bellow it and in the winter months never above it. People in the center of the bulged equator travel a distance then center of the two poles. People living at the center of the poles just circle on the spot.

The distance the equator travels create momentum forces from the earth's spin creating enough lateral pull on the fluid nature of the atmosphere we breath to create our weather systems though here. The atmosphere is not moving in a straight line but a liquid curved path round the circumference of the equator traveling though international time zones. What will be a time for one state will be another in another in different state at the same time. The physics of the momentum of the earth's spin controls our weather. Image the state of the weather if the earth's spin and orbit velocities would do to our whether if they slowed down or sped up .

According Einstein's general theory stars, planets and asteroids to specks of dust bend space. Newton's laws tell us Einstein's idea the mass of the earth pulls inward all directions round the entire circumferences comparable to the analogy of the mass of water pressure compressing the mass of deep sea submersibles.

I'm sure Newtown would agree we experience standing on the mass of the Artic circle we experience the pull of our body weight in a downward force as much as we experience the mass of Antarctica continent the opposite end of the earth pulling downward to the ground our body weight. 

In fact the entire circumference of the earth's surface pulls everything in a inward pulling force including the consequences space. Space is elastic and bendable. The earth's mass shrinks space round it's circumference like plastic shrink rap round an apple.

The force of the plastic shrink rapping effect creates a distorted dip of space round the entire circumference of earth. The strongest pull inward gravitational compression is the center of this earth's core a few million times grater than the surface. In other words the earth's core is the maximum gravitational pull of the earth bending space consequently compressing the crust consequently compressing the molten magma beneath our feet.

It took Einstein to realize we experience acceleration take off's as a weighed down feeling we familiarly know today we call G's. (Gravity-force). Newtown's first law of motion tells us a body will always remain at rest unless acted upon by a force. (Accelerated). His third law says were there is a force (acceleration) there is an equal and opposite reaction. Acceleration is a manifestation of Newtown's force and motion the mass of a body resisting it called the inertia of a moving body.

To put in layman's terms I'm sure Einstein would agree when we accelerate hard we experience as if a few kilograms (or pounds if you like) of force weighing us down. We are compressed by the G-force known as G's inward all directions

According to both Newton and Einstein the earth's core compresses us, the atmosphere we breath the containments and the oceans of the world compressing the entire circumference of the crust from every direction like the forces of a tight plastic shrink rapt round the circumference of the whole earth.

The law of thermal dynamics says when we compresses something heats up. Feeling the head compressing air in an already tight tire with a bicycle pump is not from friction you know. The compression of the earth's core is pulling on the crust contributing to heating the magma beneath our feet responsible for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Einstein realized the stress in resisting acceleration bodies generate the same force as gravity. According to Newtown compresses all directions as the pulling inward force.

It is described in Einstein's 1905 special theory of relativity what NSA use's today training astronauts in zero gravity. Using a thought experiment imaging a free falling evaluator Einstein predicted the principle we understand toady when a plane nose dives fast enough the extreme velocity free fall causes the the astronaut trainees to lift off the fuselage floor frolicking about in weightless fun called Zero G's. It is also known by the other name of negative G's.

It is prohibit expensive and rather scary sensation that young for a class of school children to experience negative g's for themselves. Imagine the ultimate laughter fun a lot would experience in their entire lives.

Negative G's is the result of maximum speed free fall speed of a body can't accelerate any faster because of the G's expressed as terminal velocity, terminal acceleration I call it. World war two dive bomber pilots when at maximum nose diving speeds often experienced the weightlessness of Negative G's. They felt like they were lifting off their seats.

Many rear dive bomber gunners struggled to hold onto ammunition belts trying to prevent them from drifting freely about the cockpit as well as themselves lifting off their seats at the same time Einstein predicted would happen. If air crew don't know any better they feel the plane was dropping faster than everything else. But the planes were dropping at the same rate regardless of everything's drifting about them. In effect the maximum free falling speeds made the dive bombing planes anti gravity devices.

Einstein predicted the opposite holds true. His elevator thought experiment predicted what happens to a plane accelerating upwards fast enough. Astronauts feel compressed to the floor. We are entertained by the same centrifugal forces at work in spinning motion of a rotating theme park drum. The velocity press people to the sides of the wall like a gravitational field. The rotating assessment park drum demonstrate how a rotating ringed space stations generate artificial gravity.

History books tell us Newton had discovered the his third law of force and motion at work with a bucket of water. He documented his experience explaining in scientific English Language of times when we rotate a bucket of water over our heads. The velocity pulls the water to the bottom of the bucket never spilling a drop even though the upside point in the circle motion.

A cheep light weight plastic bucket with a little water in it will do the tick. As we circle the bucket round our heads we feel the weight of the bucket increase by the increase of the weight of the water (mass) pulled to the bottom by the centrifugal force of the spin. The spinning force turns the bucket into an antigravity device. We won't spill a drop unless we spin slow enough which is quite slow. It is anther demonstration how spinning ringed space station create gravity for the inhabitants.

If acceleration is maxed out it becomes a constant velocity. Einstein realized how dramatic that can be. Imagine the stress we feel from a standing start accelerated to a distance of a 100 miles ( or 160km if you like ) to stop in a second on the surface of earth. Their doesn't appear to be any 0 to.... performance  specifications for the Flash and superman like we do with automobiles. We can say the flash accelerates 0 to a 160kmph (or a 100mph) in one second flat.

Note if the same acceleration in the zero resistance of out of space is applied we don't notice it at all. Imagine the flash accelerating 0 to a 100 in a second on the surface of earth compared to out of space. What makes the surface of the earth so different? The answer is the earth's core pulling power that increases inertia. In out of space we can accelerate 0 to a thousands of kmph without noticing a thing.

Feeling stationary on the surface of earth is the force of the earth core pulling down on us our body weight expressed as 1G. Newtowns is used as a measure of the pulling force. The compression power of the surface is 9.81 Newtowns core much greater than that. In the system international (SI) sense equivalent of experiencing a compression of 2.2Ib or the force or a kilogram per cubic meter of compression throughout the earth's circumference.

When we experience an acceleration of feeling twice our body weight we are experiencing personally 2G's of gravitational force. When we experience three times we are experiencing 3G's Over 4 times our body weight we start to feel the stress of making us feel unwell to a point we are going to black out.

Einstein realized the constant speed of any terminal velocity has profound effect on space and time. If we suspend a 1kg steel bar over the ledge of a tall sky scrapper we are feeling the force of the earth's core pulling on it. We are feeling the potential energy of the mass attracted to it.

Letting go the earth's core snatches it from zero to a distance of a meter in a second. It falls a couple of stories as the 1Kg mass reaches terminal velocity in that time. It free falls at it's maximum speed limit of 3.6kmph all the way down the side of the building impacting with the immovable mass of the earth's crust in the form of the street bellow.

During free fall the stress of the fall is the G's when accelerated stored in the free falling mass called kinetic energy. On impact with the street bellow the sudden stop keeps traveling though the mass. In the case of the mass of 1kg steel bar a impacting force of 1kg at 3.6kmph impact or 9.81 Newtons. However, no matter a gram or a tone of mass the force of the earth's core felt on the surface at sea level is always 9.81N. The gravitation squeeze several 10's of miles down continuously gets stronger the closer to the core we get. The temperature down there is as close to the center of the sun as it gets.

The atmosphere we breath is air resistance that contributes to the terminal velocity of any free falling body. But Without any resistance two bodies of different mass accelerate at the same rate and free fall at the same rate hitting the surface at the same rate. A milligram table tennis ping pong ball hasn't the mass to overcome the air resistance.

While the ping pong ball may sail away in a the slightest breeze a 1 tone mass will plough straight though the air resistance effortlessly either reaching terminal velocity before or hitting the ground or not. Reaching terminal velocity depends on distance from the acceleration point and ground.

When sky divers dive out airplane hatches the earth's core snatches them accelerating them to terminal velocity. It takes the time to drop to terminal velocity about a 150 meters. Sky divers maximum speed limit in free fall is no more than about 320kmph terminal velocity speed.

The compacting pulling inward power of the earth's core has a profound effect of time in out of space. From our point of view of light speed in the zero resistance of any vacuum travels a 186 thousand miles per second.

Note. Every mile equals 1.609km. So by multiplying by light speed gives us in km terms. There is 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour adds up to a grand total of 3 thousand 600 seconds. It is a simple matter of multiplying by every second of an hour to give miles per hour. Multiplied by 1.609 in a kmph term.

Text book describe in metric terms as 300 thousand kilometers per second. According to math's this isn't strictly true. A 186 thousand times per second times 1.609km is actually 299 thousand 274 kilometers per second. Adding up distance with this figure is more accurate than 300 thousand. According to the math's light travels a distance of 1 thousand and 77 million 386 thousand 400km by the time a one hour TV program. According to light taking only 8 minutes to reach our eyes the total distance from the sun is only a mere 143 million 651 thousand and 520 kilometers to be exact.

What would we observe of time on earth from light speeds point of view. Mathematics tells us the reciprocal of light speed is a 186 thousandth second per mile or 1.609km. Proof of this 1 mile multiplied by 186 thousand (or 1.609km if you like) equals light speed in a second.



If we do the math's right projects from a distance of a 100 miles to a stop pans out to the equivalent acceleration off of 3 thousand 600kmph in half second. The braking should be equally as intense from a velocity of 3 thousand 600kmph to a complete stop should be another half second. If Einstein's special theory of relativity is anything to go by from our point of view we may experience a wired observation of the environment's time.

Taking off we are accelerating. According to Einstein's theory as we traveling faster and faster the environments time. Because we are accelerating an environment clock second hand would indicate every environment second should appear to slow down getting slower and slower. Theoretically we should be an equivalent of an 80km distance from the original start point in half environment  second. However we are braking at this point that should be equivalent of another distance of 80km in half environment second to a complete stop.

According to the special theory of reality in the braking circumstance we are slowing down. As our braking decelerates our velocity we should observe the environment's time speed up. The environment's time should get faster and faster till we come to a complete stop where we find environment's time a second into the future we started a 160km away. In effect the combined acceleration of take off and braking deceleration to a stop a distance of a 160km in a single environment second.

The important point to remember is our braking deceleration effect we observe of the environment's time. In other words the slower we go the faster time goes. From our point of view the total take off and braking to a stop in a environment second could be observed as a total of a 160 seconds of our time altogether. Such is the effects of slowing down to a stop from a high velocity.

Most of us assume only light speed can alter time. Consider observing the latter. Mathematics projects a 1 thousand 800kmph take off. At that acceleration we would probably experience a 160 seconds of our time to slow down the environment's time to a stop at the peak of the acceleration. But we are applying the brakes at this point.

Theoretically at braking we should observe the environment's time appear to take a 160 seconds of our time in the environment's half second back up to normal again. If that's anything to go by we effectively we would observe the environment's time take a total of 240 seconds from take off to come to a stop then accelerate back to normal of our time in 1 environment second time.

This means relative points of view rules in play here. From the environment's point of view of us speeding up, from our point of view the environment's time is slowing down. The second law says from the environment's point of view of us slowing down, from our point of view the environment's time is speeding up.

At the peak of the acceleration just before we apply the brakes we will no longer be able to observe the environment's time moving any more. In other words not being able to observe the environment's time moving anymore is a illusion of the environment's time had stopped at this point.

Exceeding light speed has always been a pivotal property of time travel. It travels in the zero resistance of out of space a distance of 300 thousand (299 thousand 274 kilometers to be exact or equal to a 186 thousand miles if you like ) by the time the second hand of a clock moves every division. Despite encountering no resistance in any vacuum  it don't coast freely any faster than that.

Despite no resistance in any vacuum it is a coaster at it's maximum free momentum speed. It takes eight minutes from the sun to reach our eyes. As far as cosmological distance is concerned only a mere eight light minuets away. The light we see now is the sun as it was eight minutes ago. We will not observe light that just left  the sun this very second until eight minutes into the future. That light doesn't exist yet. The sunlight we see now is what the sun was eight minutes ago every second.

Now we can compare a distance of a 160km to a stop in a second to light speed. Operating on the principle we'd find ourselves a second into the future 300 thousand kilometers (299 thousand and 274 to be exact) away from were we started a 186 thousand seconds of our time. In other words we don't need light speed to observe the environment's time change from our perspective.

We walk on average meters per second though the environments time. Ordinary wrist watch second hands can act as a stop watch. We take a step forward every meter by the time the second hand moves every division. Doing the math's on this projects by the time an hour we would have walk 3 thousand 600 meters. In other words a distance of 3.6km

Each time we walk just one meter light in the zero resistance of space had traveled a distance of just under 300 kilometers. The reciprocal tells us light travels a 1.609 kilometers a 186 thousandth second. Proof of this when we multiply 186 thousand every 1.609km equals light speed in a second in km per second term. (or a 186 thousand miles if you like).

Some of us believe time slows down at light speed which means we need to accelerate beyond the environment second to reach light speed. To travel at light speed we have accelerate 186 thousand times faster than a second on earth.

Children old enough can understand by the time we say "One thousand and one" is the time of a second. They soon become pretty good at judging they walked a meter in that time. If we do the math's on this pans out to 3.6kmph walk is a light second ratio.

We'd think sub light speed (every second on earth) may be the slowest time can go. It doesn't seem to go any slower. If we look at a analogue clock face we can observe the second hand move every division every second a complete full circle in a whole minute. Mathematics tells us from the center to the edge is a radius dividing circles into 360 divisions called digress projecting 6 digress every second.

When the second hand makes a full circle the minute hand has only moved a division. When the minute hand makes a full circle the hour hand has only moved a division. When we do the math's the hour hand is 3 thousand 60 times as slow and the minute hand and the minute hand is 60 times as slow as the second hand. In other words every hour of time is 3 thousand 600 times as slow as a second and the minute hand 60 times as slow respectively.

The hour hand moves round the clock face twice every date change every twelve midnight to the next in a light second. Digital time peaces don't sully have a seconds column. Instead the numbers a separated by a non blinking colon (:). If they include the seconds column clearly represent twelve midnight as 23:59:59. When the digits change to zeroes changes the date into the next day.

The time we say one thousand and one tells us each second has a begging and an end. The seconds column is the start of the next 300 thousand km. When the digit changes to one is the end, the start of the next 300 thousand km. When it changes to 2  it is the end of the distance and the beginning of the next and so on.

Looking at analogue clocks the minute and hour hands appear to be frozen in time at any given moment the second hand is moving. They are to slow to observe moving. Like wise the reciprocal of light speed tells us viewing from light speeds point of view the universe should be traveling 3 thousand 600 times as slow a light second.

Correspondingly every second on earth we are viewing the universe at sub light speed. If we reference from a light speed point of view the slower we go the faster time speeds up.

If we were to view the second hand slowed down in time we'd normally observe the minute hand math's projects we would be 60 times faster than the environment second. From environment  observers point of view we would be a minute into the future every second.

From our point of view the environments second would be a minute  long. In other words for every minute we observe the  environment second is a minute of our time. In other words a second of the environments time has been stretched into the minute.

The reciprocal of a minute is a minute divided by 60 seconds. In other words we would be traveling in parallel with 60th environment second. This is the relative time of the electric alternating current of mains power lines in some countries

An electric current moves back and forth 60 times a second. One motion is a wavelength every second. We would observe the mains lighting throb from minimum to maximum  brightness once every second or 60 times in a minute as exactly as the mains frequency is in would be every environment second.

Continious broken spoke problems

Continuous breaking spoke problems is what happens with general tweaking wheels without any real bicycle wheel engineering knowledge.

You can use any wheel as a model to help understand wheel mechanic principles. New bikes are ideal, but any untouched wheel will be as good a model. Inspecting the spoke arrangement of new bike is a ideal way to learn what your replacement spoke should be. You will see by default spokes are entangled in a zigzag under and over paten pressing on each in turn the circumference of the wheel.

The entangled criss crossing suspend the whole bike from the central hub flange. looking closely at the flange detail you will observe alternating in and out spoke heads. One head inward and the one next to it outward the next one inward and the next one outward round the entire circumference both flange sides.

Observing the details of a good wheel (or a brand new bike or wheel) you will observe how every spoke head sits perfectly square in every flange hole is an ideal model how the head of your replacement spoke should site properly.

If the spoke head doesn't sit flush in the concave of the hub flange hole properly our peddling motion twist/bend flexes the spoke head in the hole eventually snapping off at the head.

If you have a spare spoke looking at one with the head intact (a brand new spoke is ideal) you will observe a wood screw like head concave to the head. If you have a spare hub flange observing the hub flange details of each hole you will observe a reciprocal concave hole in the hub flange in every spoke hole.

Replacing a spoke ignoring the pattern details of the wheel the potential  of creating gap when supposed to cross allowing the twisting forces transferred to the head at the hub flange leading to less than a kilometer fatigue, finally breaking off at the head. Following a new ( any or a good wheel ), pattern as a guide, specially rebuilding wheels, will go a long way in solving constant breaking spoke problems once and for all.

In replacing a broken spoke make sure the replacement sits exactly in line with the rest of the wheel and exactly as a new bike wheel will show.

Studying spoke arrangements of brand new bikes shows a perfect mathematically symmetrical. The entangled crossing over and under each other paten helps with an aniti-twisting on every spoke round the entire circumference. New bikes show as the spoke heads are seated properly as the wheel rotates each spoke crossing each other holds fast each other in a precise symmetry. The flow of spokes round the whole wheel support every and each spoke in turn.

Each spoke can't flex because of each overlapping neighboring spoke holding each other fast. The twisting forces in our peddling is not absorbed by each neighboring spoke in each turn of the wheel. The zigzagging crisscross is what makes bike wheels so sturdy.

Radial spoke patterns are only suitable for front wheel pursuit racing bikes, not strong for off road sport, let alone rear wheel rider support.

Salvaged donor parts will save money of course. Changing donor components, modifying and adding accessories to enhance personal customization, comfort, performance and appearance requires some bicycle engineering knowledge specially when it comes to rebuilding wheels.

Tire size is wheel size. It is written on the side of the tire wall. ( The x is the width across them ). Tape measures have imperial inches one side and metric on the flop side. The two different measuring systems on the same tape makes it easy to measure check both systems.

Measuring the tire will measurer the whole wheel in imperial inches and the flipside metric millimeters. Mountain and commuter city bikes are commonalty 26 imperil inches or the metric 700mm, expressed as 700C. Comparing a metric tire against an imperial inch tire will be little smaller.

It is an important piece of information because the length of 700c spokes are shorter than the imperil inch wheel equivalent. Counting the number of spokes round the circumference of any wheel will guide you how many spokes are common.

You will find road pursuit racing wheels less than 30 spokes scientifically interlaced crossed balance and weight ratio. Common commuter and mountain bikes are 32 to 36. Cargo carrying capacity can be as many as 40.

Tracing the spokes you will observe ( front and back wheels the same ) the gear cluster ( or the chain side ) and opposite sides. In other words the left and right sides of the wheel.

Note the pattern is a perfectly balance in a mathematically symmetry. The lesson leant here. overlapping entanglement pressing each spoke, is the key to preventing broken spokes.

Observing the hub flange, trace an inward head of a spoke to the rim. You can use the gear cluster or opposite side perspective if you like. It doesn't matter because everything is perfectly symmetrical.

Count five spokes along. Tracing the fifth spoke to the hub flange you will observe it is an outward head. All spokes are a perfect repeating symmetry paten round the entire circumference of the rim both sides of the wheel.

Observing the hub flange, again this time tracing an inward head to the rim.

Count 11 spokes along. Tracing the 11th spoke to the hub flange you will observe it is the next inward head. All spokes are this perfect repeating symmetry paten round the entire circumference of the rim both sides of the wheel. The same with every outward heard.

A closer look at the spokes crossing each other the first cross is across the the head of the neighboring spoke on hub flange.

Observe crossing the next spoke presses on the next spoke. Every spoke is a symmetrical repeat. each spoke crosses over the next one. Standard mountain and commuter bikes are 3 cross, and strong cargo carrying capability wheels can be up to 4.

It is important to observe how flush every spoke head in every hub flange hole appear to be. It should be the goal of replacing spokes.

In the secondary detail  the entangled over and under each spoke like symmetry holds each other from twisting off the head at hub flanges. The spokes keep each other rigid. If these details are ignored when replacing a spoke ,is what causes this frequent breaking.

Once you have studied a wheel you will have an idea of replacing broken spokes following the wheel paten specially rebuilding any wheel from scratch.

We all have phones. Using the camera we can take a photo and enhancing image in a image editor program highlight the points with key words and arrows for our personal reference.

An important piece of information is the heads of the spokes. Examining a spare spoke head you will observe j shape with the head concaved. Comparing the spoke holes in the hub flange you will see a mirror image inverted concave.

If they don't fit properly the j shape will site out encouraging flexing. The concave of the spoke head has to sit in the inverted concave in the hub flange properly. Examining any wheel you may be able to see evidence of this. If not sitting property evidence the hub flange is to thin, a give away badly worm from tweaking attempts, the wrong hub design for the spokes, or the wrong spokes for the hub respectively.

A trick is to add a washer between the concave of the spoke head and hub flange to help take up the slack.

If you haven't removed the spoke let it find the hole in the flange by lining it up to locate the spoke hole in the hub flange. Carefully note the the characteristics described.

If you have already removed the spoke, search both sides of the flange locating the missing spoke hole. You will either find it behind the gear cluster, or the opposite side.

One broken spoke is pretty well straight forward. But there are problems if there is more than one you are replacing. If you are not watching what you are doing you can have all sorts of problems with a spoke either to shot or to long that ends up distorting the rim.

Make sure you recognize if to long or two short means differences between imperil, metric and the wrong spoke hole apart in the rim symmetry.

Make sure you recognize warps in the rim will be caused by any incorrect distance apart one or couple of spokes in the rim. This can cause either far to short or poking out of the rim hole far to far.

It causes uneven pull with stubborn wheel wobble no matter how much time you spend straightening it out. And the wheel won't hold. At first riding may seem as smooth as ice but in less than a kilometer will start to feel a bad wobble getting worse all the time. Then an alarming clunk of a breaking spoke again.

Make sure if a neighboring in head on the head flange installed just as the other wheel you pattern observed relative to the neighboring spoke heads, the spokes correctly distanced in the rim, the alternating in out head paten, the spoke crosses, the in and out entangled firm against each spoke. If in doubt you can always refer to the wheel's spoke paten.

Broken the gear cluster side, obviously the cluster has to be removed. Old bikes up to the 1908's commuter bikes tend to be the old screw on that require the appropriate old fashioned gear cluster removing tool. Internal gear hubs are held on by the sprocket itself in turn held on by a clip. Modern multi gear cluster wheels use bundle sprocket cassette types.

The smallest sprockets acts as the fastener ( or nut if you like ) for the main body. A proper bicycle cassette spline tool fits in the smallest sprocket. Remember when peddling, the thread direction tightens the sprocket a right hand thread. An easy way to remember undoing is in the direction of the reverse freewheeling of the cranks a left hand thread. When undoing think reverse freewheeling direction. And of course reassembly the thread is the direction of peddling.

The main body slides off the hub spline.

After you have removed the broken spoke note which side of the wheel, the gear cluster or opposite side is being replaced.

If an older generation external gear classic bike, the out dated multi cluster has two lugs that fit in the slots in the gear cluster where the axial goes though. There is no need to remove the axel as you can fit the tool directly over it the axle protrudes neatly out the tool hole. The undoing is the direction of peddling.

During the life of the wheel, your peddling torque was constantly tightened on the hub, so don't be suppressed if it is on so tight will never seem to be able to come off any other way without the tool.

Bicycle reaper shops have the tool resources and a vice. If you have, good. Do what they do. The tool is anchored in the jaws of the vice. When the wheel is removed the wheel itself is placed in the matching lugs of the tool clamped in the vice. There is lots of room for powerful grappling torque pulling the wheel round like a huge steering wheel. Remember in the direction of the revere freewheeling to unlock. That helps gets tight ones undone. The only alternative is oil treatment round the thread where you can get at.

You can get a way with a jerry-rig tube spanner that fits neatly the sprocket's spline. An advantage you can use a ring spanner as a leverage for tight ones.

Removing the wheel is simple. If the rear wheel the rear wheel gear derailleur will stay on the bike when you remove the wheel

Threading the new spoke make sure it is in or out according to the rest of the head paten, crosses the spoke head on the flange neatly like the rest of the flange. Cross the next spoke making sure it is pressed hard on it and the next spoke in the same uniform pattern the rest of the wheel round the circumference of the hub flange.

With the bike upside down resting on the seat and handle bars set the gear levers so the chain is engaged with the smallest front Chain wheel and smallest rear sprocket. 

Undo the wheel nuts enough the wheel is only loose in the drop outs. Or if one of those quick release wheels undo the lever so that the wheel is only lose. These parts can stay on the axel when you lift out the wheel so they don't get lost.

If your bike has rim brakes the brake pads will inevitably catch on the inflated wall of the tire preventing the wheel from coming out. Problem solved anyway, when you have to take off the tire to get at the spoke nipples in the rim. Deflate the tire vacuum flat. Vacuum flat tire walls clears the break pads.

Depending on whether your left or right handed use your handed side instinct to position yourself lifting the wheel up and forwards  with one hand and with the other hand clear the chain from the gear cluster. You can lift out the wheel. The gear changer remains in place. The same procedure with your hand side position in reverse when replacing the wheel.

The next step is removing the tire.

If the spoke needs to be replaced on the gear cluster side, after removing the gear cluster replace the bare rim back into the drop out and finger tight the wheel nuts.

Copy the neighboring spokes head paten insetting the spoke thought the flange making sure it the same paten the entire circumference of the flange. Make sure the cross according the head pattern in the hub flange is uniform with the rest of the spokes too. Fit the thread of the spoke though spoke rim hole threading the spoke nipple on to the thread of the new spoke.

Don't wrench the new nipple with the spoke tool. Only finger tight. It is important to remember you will be pulling a bow this part of the rim. Uniform cross the entire circumference of the wheel avoids creating bumps in the rim but pulls to one side.

Rotate the wheel freely observing a side any side wobble between the brake pads. Don't wrench tight the new spoke any more than have too. You will great a one side wobble that needs undoing Reset back to were it was.

Don't wrench the new spoke several turns or you will start the process of creating get rid side to side whole. Just to a point they are firm.

Provided you have a well uniformed spoke cross round the whole wheel you should have a rim that runs straight and true though the brake rubbers.

All that needs to be done now is to remove the wheel and reassemble the tire. Don't inflate because the brake pads catching on the expanded tire wall will prevent you from fitting the wheel. The tire can be pumped up in the bike. Or alternatively release the brake cable to expand the brake arms clearing the fully inflated tire. The disadvantage of this you have to rest the brake setting.

CDBurnner

About CD Burner.

CD Burner it is a third party software that is never native to your computer. A support problem is the International Standardization organization (ISO) that created a Portable Document File (PDF) reader version for video. PDF files including ISO are electronic snap shots of documents sent over the internet instead of the usual web page format.

In the case of ISO instead of the usual video file line up. Fortunately PDF is so common they are native even in budget tablet, mini note book, laptop operating systems that support PDF files natively.

PDF's are file extension of .pdf and in the case of ISO's video versions .ISO. ISO video files might contain the PDF like snap shots of other files in them to help cover all bases such a UDF (ISO/IEC 13346) file alternatives a computer can utilize. With low coast computers there is always the potential of none of these are installed nor any video play media player.

Low coast computer support for video play depends on the version of the operating system installed. Often as not, with budget computer models video play part of the media is not installed in the system. You will need a more expensive computer where you won't need any third party software installed anyway.

However if low cost computer has a DVD drive installed there is a work round available in the form of downloading a video software player app from the internet. One such app that comes to mind is the free VLC media player that support ISO files the CD burner creates. Installing the free app is the source of ISO support.

If you haven't an installed drive an extra work round can be achieved using an external USB DVD writer player to your system and depends on the model of computer operating system version that support optical drives. When an external drive is connected to the USB drive should display in your PC folder the drive icon. You can work the external drive as normally done installed

Operating system video player apps are rarely installed in low coast equipment. There is no way to play any video at all, let a lone any ISO files the CD Burner creates. Expensive equipment has everything you need pre-installed native to the computer.

Refereeing to your operating system searching your computer system for a file typing reader, PDF or ISO. If matches are displayed you know your computer supports ISO files you can learn more about if you have a CD burner installed the source of the ISO support.

If you have a CD burner file created in your system attempting to open for playing back by default will display a burn card ready to burn to a DVD. Odds are there is no playback media playing installed in your operating system. If it opens in another program the odds are you have set the open with menu to open in that program.

To change it back to opening with CD Burner click the ISO icon and select open with. When the a menu slides out click CD Burner.

An issue with CD Burner by default unlike PDF files ISO's are uncompressed. Using your operating system properties on the file icon you can inspect the size on the disc indicating how big they can be. ISO files are 100's of times bigger than PDF.

Another way is to let CD Burner tell you. When ever CD Burner detects a CD or a DVD with no room or no disc in the drive displays a disc required card. On the left tells you you need an empty disc with the required space bellow.

Alternatively there is an advanced tab provided that allows you to compresses for saving for saving space. Odds are budget computers will display a error message. Low coast equipment doesn't support compressing files.

Note. There is always potential issue problem with older DVD players that were made before ISO file technology every existed. The don't know this. All they know they can't open the file.

Time may not stop even at light speed

There are those that believe time stops at light speed. This may not necessarily be true. The second hand of a clock can act as a stop watch on light speed. From our point of view light coasts in the zero resistance out of space a 186 thousand miles by the time the second hand of a clock moves every division. That's space time. Light doesn't travel any faster than that.

Despite the zero resistance light is at it's maximum coasting speed limit. In other words every second on earth is a space time of 186 thousand miles a light second the time light travels in every second.

If we could view time on earth from light speeds point of view environment observers point of view will still see light speed a 186 thousand time as fast as every environment second. On the other hand it works out vieing time on earth from light speeds point of view equalivalent of every environment second stretched a 186 thousand seconds. In other words every environment's second doesn't travel any slower than the we see light speed as fast. It is an illusion of the environment's time on earth stopped  because we view our environments time every 186 thousand seconds unit dispite light speed seeing our second 186 thousand seconds.

We can convert to kilometer terms simply because every mile equals 1.609km. It is a simple matter of light speed in kilometers equals light speed in miles multiplied by 1.609 respectively. It pans out to 299 thousand 274km per second. It is a mistake to round off to 300 thousand because adding up every environment second results in a huge amount of error over time.

If we were to travel 60 times as slow as every environment second ratio we would observe every environment second 60 times as fast. We would observing every environment second a minute into the future every second of our time, while the environment observers would see us traveling though time to slow to observe moving any more.

We would be traveling on a different time plane. I propose the environments time is fixed by the earth's mass gravitational pull slowing space time time down to a light second velocity on the surface of earth. Traveling 60 times slower would seem like every fixed environment second flow would seem to travel ahead of us 60 times as fast.

If we add up all the seconds of an hour pans out to a total of 36 thousand 600 seconds. If we were observing the environment an hour into the future every second of our time from the environment's point of view we would be traveling an equal 3 thousand 600 times as slow as every environment second. Environment observers would see equally as slow as 60 times every environment second.

They will see us frozen in time as still as a stature traveling though the every hour of the environment's time.

Our clocks and watches with a date changes to a new date every 12 midnight we expresses as 24 hours. Adding up the seconds pans out to a total of 86 thousand 400 seconds every date change. If we observe a clock date change every second environment observers would see us 24 hours as slow as their every second. Us on the other hand will observe the fixed environment traveling though time 86 thousand 400 times as fast.

From our point of view we observe every environment second 24 hours into the future every our second. We can add up all the seconds of a calendar week which pans out to all the seconds in 24 hours times 7. Environment observers viewing us a week as slow as every environment second we would view the environment a week into the future our every second. Operating on the principle even if we travel every environment month as slow we would observe every environment month into the future for every our second.

We can thought experiment observing every environment year every second. We would be every year as slow.0 From environment observers point of view second point of view frozen in time for every year.

Applying this observing every environment decade every second we need to take into account of the extra day at the end of every third February leap year added to the total seconds. We would appear to be frozen in time for moving thought the same decades every our second.

Operating on the principle we can apply this to every century, millennia, billions and millions of years we observe the environments time into the future every second of our time. That's not taking into account of the shift in time scale due to the earth's spin and orbit round the sun in time. It gives us some idea of what a park statue would see of the environment's time around it including black holes. Time is not stopped inside them either.

While we observe a black hole constantly fixed in time in a galaxy for many generations on earth a black hole point of view will be see the same generations pass every second. There is potential for Trillions of centuries passing on earth every second to a black hole while every trillion years no change .

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Mathmatics shows time time shoudn't stop at light speed.

Every time the second hand of a clock moves a division is a now time a light second the distance light travels 186 thousand miles. Converting to km every mile equals 1.609. light speed in the zero resistance of out of space is a 186 thousand times as fast as every second. If we view time on earth from a light speeds point of view every second would be equalivalent to a 186 thousand seconds longer creating an illusion of time on earth had stopped.

We all view time on the surface of earth the second hand of clocks and watches move a division every second. In 60 seconds the minute hand had traveled though time only a division. It always looking frozen in time when it does. Doing the math's on this is every minute is 60 times as slow as every second.

The hour hand is even more dramatic. We don't observe the minute hand move a full circle let a lone when the hour hand moves just one division. The math's says every hour is 3 thousand 600 times as slow as every second. These two hands are an example of the illusion of how a minute is 60 times as slow as a second and an hour is 3 thousand 600 times as slow. The illusion of the two hands look stopped at any given moment of time.

Observing light speed though time moonlight is nothing more than sunlight reflected off the surface to our eyes in less than a couple of seconds.

We can work out the time light travels in a minute by taking light speed for each second multiplied by 60 travels a distance in miles. Multiplying it by 1.609 converts it to the kilometer term.

Sunlight takes eight minutes from the sun to reach our eyes. What we see now is only an image of light as the sun as it was eight minutes ago every second. Sunlight that just left the sun a second ago is 186 thousand miles above the surface. We won't see this sunlight until eight minutes into the future every second.

We can work out how far light travels in an hour. It is only a matter 60, times 60 times light speed in miles converted to kilometers if you wish.

Every 12 midnight is a date change every 24 hours. Adding up the seconds is only a matter of 60 times 60 times 24 amounts to clocks and watches change the date every 86 thousand 400 seconds. We can calculate the distance traveled multiplied by light speed in miles and convert to kilometers if we wish in that time.

Digital time pieces tell us there is no such thing as a 24 read out. Instead 23 hours, and 59 minutes. Sometimes the semicolon column (:) between the numbers blink off and on every second. Sometimes they don't.

When the numbers set to 00:00 is twelve midnight where date instantly changes to a new date. The digital numbers tells us there is no hours and no minutes for a whole minute. If the digital piece included the seconds the switch over to a new date would look something like this. 23:59:59 a second before 00:00:00.(No hours, no minutes and no seconds for a second).

The first minute would countdown 00:00:01 to 00:00:59 then 00:01:00 one minute past 12 midnight. The system repeats to 00:002:00 two minutes past 12 midnight. Not including the seconds set in the military time mode one in the morning is 01:00. Two in the morning 02:00 three 03:00 and so on until 12:00 midday.

One in the afternoon is 13:00. Two is 14:00 and three is 15:00 and so on until 23:59 again another second to 12 midnight date change a total of 86 thousand 400 seconds light had traveled a distance of 186 thousand miles converted it km every second.

Looking at a calendar every 12 midnight would be between every date. If we could mark in 86 thousand 400 divisions would represent every second of each date.

The Gregorian calendar the western culture use tell us there is 7 days in a week. Traditionally the sequence is from 12 midnight the first school day for Monday morning. Including the week end a ends a second before 12 midnight  Monday morning on Sunday night. 12 Midnight Monday morning repeats for the present week. The distance light travels in that time is only a matter 60, times 24 times 7 times times light speed for miles and of course converted to kilometers by multiplying by 1.609.

The Georgian calendar has different days in every month a minimum of 29 to a maximum of 31. If we take a whole year light travels a distance 60 times 60, times 24, times 356 date changes times light speed in miles and converted into kilometers light had traveled across the universe in that time.

If we are to calculate the distance light travels in a decade we need to take into account of adding the extra an extra 3 thousand 600 seconds at the end of every third February leap years in each decade. Operating on the principle taking into account of every leap year we can calculate the distance light travels distances across the universe every century, every milliner (thousand years) millions of year billions even trillions of centuries into the future.

Our minds and qutumn physics

In the world of hypnotherapy it's widely believed the human mind is made up of two  parts. Most of us are familiar a subconscious and conscious mind. Stage entrainment is an example of what the subconscious mind can do. 

Hypnotherapy believes the key to our failures and success is in our subconscious mind.  A lot of us believe in the mind's control over our destiny There are those are terrified of the potential of hypnosis can be used as criminal and terrorist brain washing technique. while others are very skeptical our mind influences us at all

A lot of us believe and successes in life comes just from our experiences. Perhaps those who believe in the power of mind, and mind healing physical to psychological are aware of the power of our subconscious mind.

The power of our mind comes from an unlikely source called quantum physics. A Steffen Hawking DVD the meaning of the universe an episode on the meaning of life. As Hawking says we are connected to the outside world by physics. Our brain is a biological chemistry processes in communication with our a  body senses non stop twenty four seven asleep or awake
I learnt a lot from library books and these types of universe DVDs documenters.

According to particle physicists we are governed the tiny particles of the atom. Our entire bodies including our brain is made of orbiting particles of the atom called electrons orbiting central particles called Neutrons and protons that are constantly quantum leaping in space and time.

Expressed as tunneling though space and time it is believed electrons disappear and reappear back and forth into each others orbits at a constant frequency. If a constant called Planck constant is anything to go by the frequency is on a Planck scale.

A Planck scale is in the order of 6262 on the left of thirty-nine zeros, a total of 43 number our body and mind's electrons appear and disappear into each others orbits every second of our lives. In other words a Planck frequency. It pans out if multiply 1 by 10 forty-three times multiplied by 6.262 is expressed as 6.262 times 10 to the 43 per second frequency called a Planck frequency.

The law of mathematics tells us if we divide one by 10 forty-three times multiplied by 6.262 equals the same 6262 on the right of the same 39 zeros a Planck length of a meter. In other words 6.262 times 10 to the minus 43. It is also known as a Planck second or Plank time. What this means 6.262 times 10 to the 43 Plank times in a second.

Then there is the so called string theory sometimes referred to membrane (M) theory tells us tiny amounts of space and time in the shape of vibrating strings the building blocks of our electrons and neutrons, the building blocks of our atoms.

In turn our atoms are the building blocks of the minerals of the earth crust we are made of in turn the building blocks of our molecules, in turn the building blocks of our cells the building blocks of our organs believed to come from the heart of stars created from the big bang that has suppose to have created the universe. Theoretically we come from the of the big bang you might say.

The Planck Constant in the minus scale (Planck time, and length) is believed to be the smallest unit of the universe. It doesn't get any smaller than that. In the positive value (The Planck frequency) doesn't go any faster than that.

If the Planck length is anything to go by represents the gravitational field right in the center of black holes called a singularity. It's gravity is compressed inward in all directions into a sphere on Planck volume. If the Planck constant in the positive is anything to go by the inward pull pressure would be an astonishing inward crush of 6.262 times 10 to the 43 tones.

The inward pull of the earth's mass for example is about the equalivalent a kilogram per cubic meter compressing the entire circumference of the earth's surface about the equalivalent of about 18 trillion tones only a mere 1.8 times 10 to the 13 gravitational pulling power compressing the atmosphere we breath, the oceans of the world including us and the earth's crust. If the Planck.

As it turns the diameter across the singularity can not be any smaller than a Planck length. Half the total diameter (from the center of the tiny sphere to the edge the radius).

Anybody familiar with pi (Pronounced pi the mathematical relationship between the circumference of any cylinder (including spheres) can calculate the total circumference and diameter from the just the radius alone in this case a single Planck length.

The significance of a black hole and our body and minds in 1995 the Fox Network TV channel aired a science fiction TV series called the sliders about a university student called Quinn Mallory experimenting with antigravity in his basement in the hope of revolutionizing heavy lifting experiment with antigravity finding a levitation technique.

Instead his experiment managed to create the holly grail of cosmology, an electric turbine in his basement opening a stable gateway though space and time. To you and me a wormhole. It turned out to be a portal gateway to parallel dimension earth's. The origins is believed to be Albert Einstein
Rosen  proposal in the General theory of relativity the gravitational pull of a black hole singularity pulling in a Planck scale sink hole in space.

It was introduced in 1935 by Albert Einstein, and a couple of colleges Boris Pulaski and Nathan Rosen teaming up to settle the validity of a crowing quantum physics once and for all. They were not happy with the contention particles of the atom, two places, spin clockwise and anticlockwise at the same time and influencing each other several million light years across the universe in an instant at time.

The trio focused on Einstein's general theory of relativity on the theory a dark star absorbing a 100% of light may sink a deep sink hole in the fabric of space. They come up with a theory if a pair was back to back the sink wells could meet forming a funnel though the fabric of space. It has become known as the Einstein, Pulaski, Rosen bridge ever since the focus of the TV show the sliders.

If you believe the Goggle number (a 100 digit number, 1 with 99 zeros or infinity) of the universe is limited to a Planck scale including black holes. The origins of the many worlds theory owes it's theory to the seemingly Google squared (a 100 naughts multiplied by a 100 becoming a 10 thousand digit number called a googlplex, even a googleplex squared) scenario representing the closest numbers to the number of atoms in the universe.

Looking at vitamin and mineral bottle labels are the ingredients we are made of given in the standard metric system prefix system milli- and micrograms ten to the minus three and six respectively. All the atoms of everything on earth would be on the order of well over the number of zeros of Googleplex.
Our bodies are essentially made up of made up of these elements made of atoms made of electrons, with a whole zoo of particles from Leptons to neutrinos orbiting a cluster of inner particles called protons and neutrons believed to be made of a variety of quarks including the recently discovered Higgs Boson thought to be responsible for the strong nuclear force responsible for holding the nucleus of each atom of our bodies together limited to ten to the minus 15 in size. (A 15 digit number.

Everything is believed to be created in the heart of stars created by the big bang that has supposed have created our universe. In other words we are effectively all this as big bang dust.

Deep in every molecule of our body is cloud of the same particles of the big bang star dust building blocks of electrons orbiting a cluster of neutrons and protons. (The nucleus of the atom). Quantum physics tells us the spaces between every particle shouldn't be any smaller than a minus Planck scale. Given the Planck constant it is easy to see atoms are huge at 10 to the minus 15 scale. The atoms of our body compressed ito this tiny size is mostly spread out empty space.

Ten to the minus fifteen tells us the gap between each atom that make up our bodies. Quantum physics tells us our body's electrons blink out and pop back into existence in another orbit theoretical on Planck frequency scale the distance a distance of a Planck length. On a quantum physics scale every atom of our body and mind is constantly quantum leaping in space and time every plank second of our lives.

Our brain is alive organ dominated by our thoughts keeping it alive with a constant stream of electrical impulses. In effect the electrical activity of our brain's cells on on a Planck constant scale are constantly quantum leaping.

Quantum physics tells us our bodies electrons are in touch with the electrons of the whole universe. What every electron in our body does here on earth electrons clear across the other side of the universe is supposed to instantly mimic. Our body's electrons are quantum leaping as every electron are across the entire universe respectively.

There is only two states to electrons. Either in the diapered or appeared state we can assign a digital 0 for the disappeared state and a 1 on a appeared state. We can apply digital arithmetic on the binary numbers just as we apply binary math's in digital electronic building projects.

If the Planck scale is anything to go by and a computer processing speed the processing speed of every electron in our bodies would be on a Planck scale. What this would mean using Gigahertz computer processing speed frequency would be 6.262 ten to the 34 GHz or a total of 6.262 ten to the 43Hz

The all out action of the electrons throughout the universe describes all the population of the world are entangled with the whole universe at large a branch of quantum physics called entanglement. String theory has opened up a can of worms debate that projects many other dimensions in the universe.

Theoretically the a 100 nuaghts of goggle multiplied by 100 (A Googolplex) number projects there the combination of dimensions some way-way different to our own to extraordinary similar to our earth where the geological history and life is radically different to very close to our own combinations. The TV the sliders focuses on worlds close in history to our modified with different outcomes to our world.

In theory binary arithmetic in googolplex calculation combinations of our quantum of our body and brain leaping electrons resulting in a googolplex doubles of ourselves in the many googolplex dimensions. Us and our doubles are living separate to parallel lives together. The earth time line history and of our doubles could be radically different to remarkably similar.

Of all the close calls from death in our lives some of our doubles didn't make it. As far as entanglement is concerned out of all the doubles who didn't make it and those who survived to tell the tail we are all a part the dead and alive theory at the same theory.

Resisting acceleration

Over 500 years ago Archimedes study of motion the closest anybody got to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. At the height of the great plague of Europe in the 17th century Isaac Newtown was busy searching for a mathematical system for calculating the circular motion of the planets. In doing so he stumbled onto the law of mathematics as a solution  what we call today calculus and the laws of force and motion.

Just over a hundred years ago Albert Einstein reveled the significance on a light speed scale. From our point of view light travels a distance of a 186 thousand miles by the time the second hand of a clock moves every division. From light speeds point of view every second on earth is equalivalent one unit of 186 thousand seconds.

In kilometer terms every mile equals 1.609km. Our mathematical instinct aggress simply multiplying a 186 thousand by 1.609 pans out to 299 thousand 792km per second. It is a mistake to round off to 300 thousand because adding up in every second is a wildly inaccurate error.

One of Newton's laws is significant with acceleration in the fact it states where there is a force there is an equal and opposite force reaction. This law tells us a head on motor vehicle smash doesn't shear each others speed as a added total.

Newtown's third law where there is a force there is a equal and opposite force the head on force at work push back on each other resulting in the some speed of each vehicle hitting each other. Head on at 50km is not a total 100 but a 50km smash.

When we walk we put an alternating foot forward planting them firming using friction to lock into place pulling one leg at a time backward to pull ourselves forward. Cycling is the same. Our alternating strokes transfer  each effort on the chain driving it backwards driving the rear wheel backwards driving us forward.

So too the engine of motor cycles to cars.  Power to the driving wheels is the road contact always the power dive rotating backward pulling the vehicle forwards.

Boy racers (or petrol heads as they are some times known) are defined as individuals into motor drag racing each others cars in public streets. They have a appropriate terminology for the straight line acceleration what most of us are familiar we hear tem talk pulling a few G's.

It is the direct experience of feeling a like a couple of kilograms (pounds Ib term if you like) of force shoving them back into their seats at acceleration competition take offs. The screeching of tires and clouds of burning rubber smoke and the roar of hot up engines is common place another term we hear 0 to several kmph (or in mph term if you like) in several seconds.

0 to kmph in several seconds is the time it takes the power of the car to reach maximum speed in that time. Once maximum speed is reached in that time the vehicle can't go any faster no matter the peddle to the metal. Ordinary family SUV station wagons are only capable of a 100km top speed by the time the second hand of a clock moved 10 seconds. Formula one racing cars 0 to 350kmph three quarters of the time.(7 and a half seconds).

The term pulling a few G's is a reflection of Newtown's second and third law of motion property of matter resisting being moved. Once moved resists acceleration expressed as the inertia of the body. During the time a boy racer accelerating to maximum speed they are aware of a pull of the stright line weighing them back into their seats. The are experincing as they say pulling a few G's.

We all experience the same effect riding high accelerating straight line runs in Rolla Coaster just like boy racers feel in high speed drag racing. We all experience as if we feel under the weight of a few Kg's pinning us back into our seats.

When we hit those tight corners without slowing down Newtown's law tells us we feel a slight anxiety as if we are going to sail straight off the tract in a straight line. We feel the force trying to throughout the maneuver we all hear about in Roller Coaster terminology pulling a few G's.

It is the same effect of a car hitting a tight bend without slowing down. Every time the diver tries to correct the maneuver with steering the vehicles inertia keeps correcting the driver to go into a into a stright linre in each corection. The inertia of the fish tailing car eventually to much to handle crashing the car on the corner. This is the effect of G-forces hitting a tight corner to fast for.

In many ways straight line acceleration (even tight turns) the same property as the force of gravity. Straight line acceleration and tight turns at speed are compression forces. They compress inward every direction just as a car crusher compacts a vehicle into a dozen times smaller block of crushed metal. Gravity pulling in every direction pulls everything into a sphere. Everything gets squeezed inward front back and both sides at the same time.

Motor vehicle workshop manuals have dedicated pages of conversion factors of all the units used in all areas of science and mathematics. We should be interested in these conversion factor pages under force and pressure as the gravitational mass of the earth's pulling power on us pinning us to the surface converting pounds and kilograms-forces including Newton's.

Isaac Newtown points out the earth's mass and the mass of bodies pull on each other. The mass of a table tennis ping-pong ball weighing a tiny few milligrams pulls on the trillions tones of the earth's mass just as the mass of the earth pulls on ball.

The scientific unit of the inward pulling power of the earth's mass is 9.81 Newton's. Motor vehicle workshop manual conversion factors says Newton's times 0.1 equals Kilograms. In this case 9.81N times 0.1 mathematically equals 981 grams. If we round off to a thousand grams equals a Kilogram refence. 9.81 Newtown's equates to 1G we experience as our normal body weight at rest.
In other words 9.81

9.81 pans out to 1G equals to the equalivalent of feeling the force of a kilogram per cubic meter of compression throughout the surface of the earth.

Since gravity and acceleration pulls matter inward all directions is a inward crushing pressure motor vehicle workshop manual conversion factors convert SI units (Familiar Pounds per square inch PSI expanding tire pressure) into Pascal's and Newtown's.

The inward crush pressure of a vacuum is the earth's mass pulling the atmosphere we breath squeezing round a empty body such as a vacumed can in Mercury units equivalent in PSI and equalivalent metric kilograms per cubic centimeter of crusing inward force. The fluid movement of the earth atmosphere has low (L) pressure system's that suck in the atmosphere balancing out the high (H) pressure systems. The rush of air pressure filling in the low pressure system's plays a major roll in Hurricanes and tornadoes. The cirular momentum foces of the earth's spin also a contributing factor.

Albert Einstein's theory of relativity expresses acceleration predicts the faster we accelerate towards light speed the more compressed the G's become. If an acceleration is fast enough we feel compressed double our normal body weight we experience 2G's twice the force of the earth's mass compression or gravity if you like.

An acceleration feeling three times our body weight is 3 times the compression. An acceleration four times the compression is 4G's and so on. In a way Einstein was predicting negative G's. Negative G's is when a body reaches maximum speed when suddenly becomes weightless expressed as terminal velocity or as I call it terminal acceleration.

A classic example of NSA training astronauts. Einstein's elevator though experiment described the physics of a fast dropping airplane. If they drop fast fast enough reaching maximum free fall velocity astronaut trainees lift off the fuselage floor frolicking about in weightless fun just as Einstein predicted in his thought experiment in a fast dropping elevator example.

Einstein expressed his elevator though experiment as a physical effect of a free falling body. The weightless of  negative G's is a point bodies can't fall any faster equaling and cancellation gravity. In effect he was describing the mechanism of anti gravity the maximum free fall velocity of nose diving aircraft.

Civilians in passenger aircraft experience negative G's when their is a dramatic drop of their plane due to turbulence. They feel as if they are weightless as if floating off their seats for a second. Some bad cases bumping their heads on luggage compartments and hitting the ceiling falling back to the floor.

An example of this world war two dive bomber pilots often experienced their planes reaching maximum free fall velocity they couldn't scream down any faster. They often experienced the sensation of floating off their seats as if the plane was dropping faster than they where only the plane wasn't.

Experiencing negative G's is uncontrollable. Rear gunners often experienced struggling to contain loose ammunition belts floating about the cockpit at terminal velocity (Or terminal acceleration as I put it) dive.

Now imagine the G's naught to a 100mph in a second.

In kilometer terms every mile equals 1.609km. Our mathematical instant agrees it is only a mater of multiplying 100mph by 1.609km pans out to 160.9kmph.

We all know there is 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour. Our mathematical instinct agrees it is only a matter of 60 times 60 (Mathematics tells us any number multiplied by itself is a square) pans out to 3 thousand 600 seconds long TV program.

If we divide 160 by 3.6 pans out to a standing start take off to a 100 meters in a second and a 100 meters constant velocity every second for a 160km. Proof of this 100 meters times 3.6 equals a total distance of a 160km an hour.

In other words 160kmph take off equals a distance of a 100 meters in the first second and 100 meters every second for the total distance of a 360km.

Using the SI units tells us a 100 meters in the first second is a is equalivalent to a 100 G's in that second. In other words 0 to a 160kmph in a second equals a compression a 100 times the force of the earth's gravity.

Things are even more dramatic if it was a distance of a 160kmph in a second, equal to a 160km every second constant velocity equals a 3 thousand 600kmph take off 3 thousand 600 G's the force of the earth's gravity.

Light travels in the zero resistance of out of space a 186 thousand times faster than every second on earth. Despite the zero resistance it is at it's maximum coasting speed. It just doesn't coast any faster than that. If light accelerated from 0 to a 186 thousand miles in a second the G's produce would be felt as 0 to a distance of a 186 thousand miles by the time the second hand of a clock moved a division. Multiplied by 1.609 equals 299 thousand 974kmph rounded off to 300 thousand as light speed in kilometer terms.

From our point of view of light speed is a 186 thousand times faster than every second on earth. If we could observe every second on earth from light speeds point of view we would observe every second slowed down a 186 thousand times. Another way to look at this every second would be observed as 186 thousand seconds. Time is so slow we no longer observe moving any more.

Observing time on earth from light speed's point of view is only an illusion of the environment's time stopped. It doesn't go any slower than we see light speed travel as fast. Every second is the equalivalent of viewing 186 thousand seconds longer.