Monday, November 6, 2017
The meaning of E equals M C squared
What is e equals m c squared. The E term is for energy. The unit is Kelvin. It is considered energy of temperature Celsius and Fahrenheit scales SI (System Internal) units. Kevin is equal to the Celsius scale. If we use a reference, the time it takes heat to melt cubic meter of ice into vaporized steam.
The term mass describes the density of matter. The next time you are at a convince store weigh a kg product in your hand. You are feeling the mass of the earth and 1kg pulling on each other.
Though the universe the gravitational pull of masses pulling on each other is in Newtown's you feel pulling on the mass you hold in your hand. For the earth gravity 9.8 Newtown's of force holding above the floor. The experiment shows what 9.8 Newton's feels like. 9.8N of gravitational pull of the earth's mass is the same whether a gram or several billion thousand tones of sea.
Let me ask you a question something else about mass. Which weighs heavier a 1kg packet of butter at your average supermarket, the mass of a 1kg piece of steel or the mass of a 1kg plastic bag stuffed full of feathers? The mass of the feathers the pack of butter and steel bar all weigh the same.
The moon's mass is a sixths the size of earth. If we weigh a kg on a scale celebrated for the mass of the earth would only read 166 grams. The gravitational pull of the moons mass is a sixth of earth. Our mathematical instinct agrees it is a simple arthritic sum telling us 166 grams is 1kg divided by 6.
Any 2 dollar caculator reads 1 divid a thousand pans out to decimal 0.166 endless 6's of a kg.
The c is the constant maximum speed of light in the zero resistance of out of space. In a mile term 186 miles per second. If we multiply 186 thousand by 1.609 gives us the km per second term 299 thousand 274km in a second. Proof of this every mile equals 1.609km. Both equal light speed a 186 thousand times faster than a second on earth.
Squared like doubling any number in this case multipling byitself. In a miles scale a 186 thousand squared becomes a figure of 34 billon 596 million. Despite km terms since there is 1.609km every mile a 186 thousand means the same thing.
In other words light travels a distance of a 186 thousand miles and 299 thousand 274km by the time the second hand of a clock moves every division. In both terms light speed is equal to a 186 thousand times faster than the second hand can move.
If we take a milligram of mass (calculator read outs, 1 dived a 1kg, that is by a thousand equals 0.001Kg) multiplied by light speed squared using the miles term projects the energy potential inside every atom of matter.
This energy is realized by bombarding the center of a properly processed mg of Uranium by atomic particles on a light speed scale. The energy of the moving particles (kinetic energy) smash the core to smithereens erupting into the energy of a nuclear blast. The formulea can been seen in a different perspective as E = c squared m.
Military measure the yelled in kilotons (Killo pounced Key-low we tend to pronounce as killer for a
tone multiplied by a thousand) and Megatons (for multiplying by a million) forces of the heat and energy blast
energy of the blast.
Sunday, November 5, 2017
Science fiction is full of time travel stories. The first attempt was H.G. Wells. In 1898 he wrote novel about an intrepid traveler setting out in a machine into the future. There was a 1960 movie of the same name and the 2002 remake that brought things up to date. Then there was the time travel villain chase though time called Time After Time and many other time travel stories.
What would Wells's story been like if he know all about the 20th century history. Imagine a late 21st century time traveler inspired by late 19th H.G. Wells. This late 21st century traveler goes back though time to the mid 19th before Well's wrote his novel to write an adventure of a time traveler traveling to the late 21st century. That's over 200 years of future history told in just 1 novel. A the navel as told be the author told be the traveler would be something like this.
Our traveler would soon learn observing the environments time speed up every time he thought was increasing speed thought it. Every time he slowed down the environment's time speed up even returning normal speed at a certain time in the future.
He soon realized the curious anomaly was due to his machine was somehow manipulating his time independently of a fixed environment time which made him wonder if time travel was only independent time travel. He wondered if the environment's time was a fixed level explaining why every time he slowed down the environment's time speed up.
The machine had slowed independently many times slower than every environment second. Every time the traveler increased what he thought was speeding up in time was actually slowing down slower and slower though an independently fixed environment time.
Such a effect our traveler become so slow the environment years flash by in minuets. If he went any slower many environment centuries would have flash by in seconds.
What our traveler thought time would slow down our traveler observed the environment's time speed up many times faster proportionately he was slowing down. He was traveling on a different time scale than the environment time. He was able to slow down his time so much he was able to control the rate of speed grinding down back up to normal environment time speed in the present time.
After getting over his discoveries he set out to explore what the future would be like. He couldn't quite get used to slowing down to increase the environment's speed back to normal time speed. Curiously he slowed down to normal speed to explore his surroundings.
Exploring curious first drop off a news billboard headline attracted his attention learning of the future things currently happening at present time. News of the Rolla familiarly and other political events soon followed. Stop off would become a regular habit to seek out news papers. A convince of local library collections was ideal avoiding cash he didn't have to spare.
No doubt the novel adventures would be visiting local liberty news paper collections was a regularly as a common source of catching up on the future things to come he missed while traveling traveling forward though the environment's few years.
If such a novel was published could have have been seen as great as wondrous Nasturtiums like prophases of the future.
Assuming stopping of a few points in curiosity the traveler becomes an eye witnesses of the future mid and late 19th century politics that history describes as the origins leading up to the early 20th century first world war though library news paper collections.
We can Imagine the fiction traveler learning though a news paper head lines a common source of learning of the future as he went learning of a first lighter than air powered aircraft flight in America.
As the novel progresses though the environment's time our traveler would have have seen for himself the changes in environment technology and every local liberty visits learning from news papers every time his curiosity compelled him to stop off.
An interesting chapter the traveler might tell readers how intrigued he was discovering a publication of a science magazine headline in a local library called the dynamics of moving bodies by Albert Einstein we call today the special theory of relativity adventure. Moving on a few years library news paper collections would have been a common source of learning of the sinking of a unsinkable great liner that was sunk by and iceberg called the Titanic.
What if the novel is plagued with constant machine break downs forcing our traveler to stop several times. Overheating and mechanical ware an tear problems would be a common plague.
Making use of advanced knowledge of what's to come our author creates entangled adventures his character tweaking with his machine problems while an eye witnesses to the outbreak of the first world war. Exploring the streets news paper headline displays would be common he could catch up on. Our fictional character could tract world war one vents according to news paper reports including the armistice
After the war our fictional traveler learns Albert Einstein had overthrown Isaac Newtonian gravity in his Special Theory of relativity. As he travels on though the environment's time each drop off he would discover news paper reports track the rise of a world war a 1 corporal from the Great War rise during the 1920's.
Traveling between the war years predicting future events to mid 19th century prediction a great economic depression such as a tragic event of Hinesburg air ship disaster in 1937. All said and done would be a Nasturtiums prophecy of things to come in the future 1920 and 1930 events including the leadership rise of this world war 1 corporal. News paper headlines would be the only common source of information.
Coincidently in one episode of the original Star Trek TV series Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock where forced to engage back in time to the 1930 depression times to undo damage done to history.
By this time our author would be describing our fiction character describing the wonders of technology Britons first teleportation of moving pictures in 1936 we know today as Television.
As our intrepid fictional charter travels in to 1940's into 12940's describes Britain at war with Germany for the second time at of a air war of the Battle of britain'
During this time in future 1980 science fiction movie Called the Final countdown about a 1980 aircraft carrier that traveled through time to the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor. The end of the adventure nearly cost the course of history as we know it. If we use our imagining was saved just in time by radio inference ripple though time by our intrepid traveler tweaking with his machine to get it to run smoothly again after a break down repair. The author would probably had made things interesting with a adventure just in time averting a disaster in that time.
Then in the Latter Enterprise TV series Captain Jonathan Archer was forced to engage in time travel entanglement with aliens bent on the destruction of earth during the second world war on earth.
Coincidently a secrete Naval experiment according to the 1984 Philadelphia Experiment movie set in 1943. Two sailors were stationed on a ship testing a new radar device that was supposed to render their ship invisible to radar ended up trudging the Nevada desert in 1984.
If we use our imagination our intrepid time traveler's radiating space time entangled the time slips when our traveler was tweaking with his machine to run smoothly again after a rough trip. Our fictional time traveler goes on to predict the news paper accounts of the coming Jewish Holocaust in the closing year of of the second world war.
Then there was a legend of the Vulcan first officer of the TV series Enterprise ancestor of a Volcan ships crew stranded on earth in the midd 1950 American small town. Latter in 1967 Mr Sock and captain Kirk had to engage in another time travel antic at NSA headquarters to help correct history again at the time of the grand son of the famous inverter Zephrin Crocken inventor the wrap drive after accidentally being beamed on board the Enterprise.
By this time our fictional character would be regularly viewing New papers plus TV news footage coving the events of the 50's into the 60's
Adventures continued in the 70's and 80's our traveler would an eye witnesses to events of to come for mid 19th readers of a 100 years time and into the beginning of the early 21 century history. The historic novel would reveal things to come for the mid to late late 21 century events to come.
By the early 90's our fictional character would be an eye witnesses of the birth of the internet. He would whiteness a growing trend of personal computers. By the late 90 had morphed into hand held we know as our mobile phones today. Our fictional character is eye witnesses to the early 21 century events moving beyond 2020.
Star trek deep space nine the crew of their attack ship the Defiant is thrown back in time to 2024 on Earth. Our science fiction character would be viewing on television a time when America was attempting to solve the problem of homelessness had erected Sanctuary Districts where unemployed and mentally ill persons were locked in makeshift ghettos.
The captain of the Defiant Captain Sisco was involved in accidentally being reasonable for the death of a hero of the growing food riots, much the same condition of the bread riots that caused the Russian revolution during world war 1. He was forced to play the part of playing along as he when taking the place of the hero himself as he went to save history. In the end things worked out just as the future history books say it did.
What next for the mid 21st century. Star Trek again. This time a movie length future called First Contact. It involves an attempt by what was called the Borg collective traveling back in time to assimilate humanity at the time of the Great Zephin Cockron was about to lunch his new warp speed rocket in the year 2067 and the first contact with an alien race calling themselves Vulcans. The crew of the Enterprise was directly involved in the lunching of the warp drive rocket responsible for attracting the attention of the Volcans prompting them to make contact.
What ever the case maybe unlike star wars Star Trek has persistently predicted the future of the mid and late 21st century history and beyond. The whole of the late 19th century, 20th and 21 century It was a insight any midd 19th century reader.
What would Wells's story been like if he know all about the 20th century history. Imagine a late 21st century time traveler inspired by late 19th H.G. Wells. This late 21st century traveler goes back though time to the mid 19th before Well's wrote his novel to write an adventure of a time traveler traveling to the late 21st century. That's over 200 years of future history told in just 1 novel. A the navel as told be the author told be the traveler would be something like this.
Our traveler would soon learn observing the environments time speed up every time he thought was increasing speed thought it. Every time he slowed down the environment's time speed up even returning normal speed at a certain time in the future.
He soon realized the curious anomaly was due to his machine was somehow manipulating his time independently of a fixed environment time which made him wonder if time travel was only independent time travel. He wondered if the environment's time was a fixed level explaining why every time he slowed down the environment's time speed up.
The machine had slowed independently many times slower than every environment second. Every time the traveler increased what he thought was speeding up in time was actually slowing down slower and slower though an independently fixed environment time.
Such a effect our traveler become so slow the environment years flash by in minuets. If he went any slower many environment centuries would have flash by in seconds.
What our traveler thought time would slow down our traveler observed the environment's time speed up many times faster proportionately he was slowing down. He was traveling on a different time scale than the environment time. He was able to slow down his time so much he was able to control the rate of speed grinding down back up to normal environment time speed in the present time.
After getting over his discoveries he set out to explore what the future would be like. He couldn't quite get used to slowing down to increase the environment's speed back to normal time speed. Curiously he slowed down to normal speed to explore his surroundings.
Exploring curious first drop off a news billboard headline attracted his attention learning of the future things currently happening at present time. News of the Rolla familiarly and other political events soon followed. Stop off would become a regular habit to seek out news papers. A convince of local library collections was ideal avoiding cash he didn't have to spare.
No doubt the novel adventures would be visiting local liberty news paper collections was a regularly as a common source of catching up on the future things to come he missed while traveling traveling forward though the environment's few years.
If such a novel was published could have have been seen as great as wondrous Nasturtiums like prophases of the future.
Assuming stopping of a few points in curiosity the traveler becomes an eye witnesses of the future mid and late 19th century politics that history describes as the origins leading up to the early 20th century first world war though library news paper collections.
We can Imagine the fiction traveler learning though a news paper head lines a common source of learning of the future as he went learning of a first lighter than air powered aircraft flight in America.
As the novel progresses though the environment's time our traveler would have have seen for himself the changes in environment technology and every local liberty visits learning from news papers every time his curiosity compelled him to stop off.
An interesting chapter the traveler might tell readers how intrigued he was discovering a publication of a science magazine headline in a local library called the dynamics of moving bodies by Albert Einstein we call today the special theory of relativity adventure. Moving on a few years library news paper collections would have been a common source of learning of the sinking of a unsinkable great liner that was sunk by and iceberg called the Titanic.
What if the novel is plagued with constant machine break downs forcing our traveler to stop several times. Overheating and mechanical ware an tear problems would be a common plague.
Making use of advanced knowledge of what's to come our author creates entangled adventures his character tweaking with his machine problems while an eye witnesses to the outbreak of the first world war. Exploring the streets news paper headline displays would be common he could catch up on. Our fictional character could tract world war one vents according to news paper reports including the armistice
After the war our fictional traveler learns Albert Einstein had overthrown Isaac Newtonian gravity in his Special Theory of relativity. As he travels on though the environment's time each drop off he would discover news paper reports track the rise of a world war a 1 corporal from the Great War rise during the 1920's.
Traveling between the war years predicting future events to mid 19th century prediction a great economic depression such as a tragic event of Hinesburg air ship disaster in 1937. All said and done would be a Nasturtiums prophecy of things to come in the future 1920 and 1930 events including the leadership rise of this world war 1 corporal. News paper headlines would be the only common source of information.
Coincidently in one episode of the original Star Trek TV series Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock where forced to engage back in time to the 1930 depression times to undo damage done to history.
By this time our author would be describing our fiction character describing the wonders of technology Britons first teleportation of moving pictures in 1936 we know today as Television.
As our intrepid fictional charter travels in to 1940's into 12940's describes Britain at war with Germany for the second time at of a air war of the Battle of britain'
During this time in future 1980 science fiction movie Called the Final countdown about a 1980 aircraft carrier that traveled through time to the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor. The end of the adventure nearly cost the course of history as we know it. If we use our imagining was saved just in time by radio inference ripple though time by our intrepid traveler tweaking with his machine to get it to run smoothly again after a break down repair. The author would probably had made things interesting with a adventure just in time averting a disaster in that time.
Then in the Latter Enterprise TV series Captain Jonathan Archer was forced to engage in time travel entanglement with aliens bent on the destruction of earth during the second world war on earth.
Coincidently a secrete Naval experiment according to the 1984 Philadelphia Experiment movie set in 1943. Two sailors were stationed on a ship testing a new radar device that was supposed to render their ship invisible to radar ended up trudging the Nevada desert in 1984.
If we use our imagination our intrepid time traveler's radiating space time entangled the time slips when our traveler was tweaking with his machine to run smoothly again after a rough trip. Our fictional time traveler goes on to predict the news paper accounts of the coming Jewish Holocaust in the closing year of of the second world war.
Then there was a legend of the Vulcan first officer of the TV series Enterprise ancestor of a Volcan ships crew stranded on earth in the midd 1950 American small town. Latter in 1967 Mr Sock and captain Kirk had to engage in another time travel antic at NSA headquarters to help correct history again at the time of the grand son of the famous inverter Zephrin Crocken inventor the wrap drive after accidentally being beamed on board the Enterprise.
By this time our fictional character would be regularly viewing New papers plus TV news footage coving the events of the 50's into the 60's
Adventures continued in the 70's and 80's our traveler would an eye witnesses to events of to come for mid 19th readers of a 100 years time and into the beginning of the early 21 century history. The historic novel would reveal things to come for the mid to late late 21 century events to come.
By the early 90's our fictional character would be an eye witnesses of the birth of the internet. He would whiteness a growing trend of personal computers. By the late 90 had morphed into hand held we know as our mobile phones today. Our fictional character is eye witnesses to the early 21 century events moving beyond 2020.
Star trek deep space nine the crew of their attack ship the Defiant is thrown back in time to 2024 on Earth. Our science fiction character would be viewing on television a time when America was attempting to solve the problem of homelessness had erected Sanctuary Districts where unemployed and mentally ill persons were locked in makeshift ghettos.
The captain of the Defiant Captain Sisco was involved in accidentally being reasonable for the death of a hero of the growing food riots, much the same condition of the bread riots that caused the Russian revolution during world war 1. He was forced to play the part of playing along as he when taking the place of the hero himself as he went to save history. In the end things worked out just as the future history books say it did.
What next for the mid 21st century. Star Trek again. This time a movie length future called First Contact. It involves an attempt by what was called the Borg collective traveling back in time to assimilate humanity at the time of the Great Zephin Cockron was about to lunch his new warp speed rocket in the year 2067 and the first contact with an alien race calling themselves Vulcans. The crew of the Enterprise was directly involved in the lunching of the warp drive rocket responsible for attracting the attention of the Volcans prompting them to make contact.
What ever the case maybe unlike star wars Star Trek has persistently predicted the future of the mid and late 21st century history and beyond. The whole of the late 19th century, 20th and 21 century It was a insight any midd 19th century reader.
Wednesday, November 1, 2017
Star wars hyperspace drive/Star Treck Warp drive
Warp drive first introduced in the original science fiction TV series Star Trek and later in star wars as hyperspace drive. In the Star Trek theme opening credits the Enterprise and Voyager, the fronts stretched forward like a rubber band the back snapping forward into the ship disappearing into the horizon. We were introduced to hyperspace by star wars Han Solo's space ship the Millennium Falcon cockpit view of accelerating to light speed in a second.
Light in the zero resistance of out of space coasts at a maximum momentum speed limit of 186 thousand miles per second. Note every mile equals 1.609km. It is only a matter of 186 thousand times 1.609 giving us the kilometer per second term. If we do the math's on this adding up all the seconds of an hour pans out to 3 thousand 600 seconds the time of an hour long TV program. If we multiply by a 186 thousand gives mph times 1.609 giving us the kmph term.
When the NBC Television series introduced wrap drive over 50 years ago the idea solved the problem of lunching the Enterprise to light speed. The ship was accelerate 0 to a distance 186 thousand miles (or 299 thousand 274km if you like) in one second flat. At that point the acceleration is canceled to a constant 186 thousand miles and 299 thousand 274 kilometers per second indefinitely until the warp drive was canceled dropping out of warp.
Just how did the Enterprise and the Millennium Falcon manage light speed in a second? The key is the scientific principle of what happens when mixing a bit of antimatter with matter. According to science the mix is supposed to inanimate each other in a almighty explosion. Just how does this happen? And why didn't the antimatter and matter mix inanimate each other?
We have all at some time or another played round with magnets discovering not only to they cling to each other they repeal each other with equal forces. If we suspend a bar magnet in a sling will align itself across the North and south poles with the earth magnetic poles like a compass needle. One end is pushed away by one pole while the other end is pulled to the other.
We have North (N) seeking and the other end South seeking poles. We can selleotope each end with a ticket marking one end N and the other end S identifying the two poles of the magnet. We have a magnetic law that says like repel and unlike attract. What has this got to do with matter and antimatter mix.?
If we rub a plastic bag with dry hands in a dry day we can feel the plastic sticking to the palm of our hands like a magnet. It won't work with damp and sweaty hands in damp days. Dry hands in a dry day is essential to generate a static electrical charge between the plastic material and your hand. If it doesn't appear to work odds are conditions are not perfect.
This is because matter is made up of atoms made up of orbiting electrical charges called electrons orbiting electrically opposite charged particles (expressed as the nucleus) called protons sandwiched between neutral particles called neutrons. The electrically charged electrons are negative (-) and the electrically charged protons positive.(+). The ends of every battery is alive with these opposite electrical - and + terminals called voltage. It doesn't flow only alive with voltage.
The negative terminals are made up of a excess electrons and the opposite terminal an equal amount missing making each terminal domineering positive and negative
A current flow is only when a load is in parallel (across) the two terminals. These opposite charges obey the same like charges repel and unlike charges attract as the N and S poles of every magnet. The access electrons in the - terminal are repelled by the negative voltage attracted by the nearest positive voltage direction flying to them like nails to a magnet.
Anti matter is a mirror image of matter only the protons are negatively charges and the electrons are positively charged. It's not hard to imagine what happens when a negatively charge proton occupying the same space as a negatively charged electron. So to a positive charged proton and a positively charged electron. This is what happens when matter and antimatter is introduced to each other. The repelling forces repel the like charges on a light speed scale.
The Millennium Falcon in star wars and the Enterprises engines made use of the effect to drive the sips into warp of hyper drive.
When matter takes off at high speed it generates a pull back force on the mass of the accelerating body we express as G's. (G-force). It is the characteristic of all accelerating bodies called the inertia of the bodies resisting acceleration.
1 G is the force of the earth mass pulling us to the surface felt as the force of gravity on our body at rest. Accelerating in motion a force of 2 G's is the feeling as if twice our body weight compressing us from all directions. A force of 3G's is a feeling of 3 times our body weight compressing us. A force of 4G's is a force so great we start to feel the stress of the compression we feel very heavy our hearts struggling under the weight, struggle to breath and feeling giddy on the verge of passing out. Beyond that is what happens to us.
Operating on the principle the engines of the Enterprise and Millennium Falcon introduce a controlled amount of antimatter that make up the matter of the two ships. The repelling effect of the like charges creates an unique situation of pulling the mass of the ships forward instead of pulling them back at take off warping space ahead of the ships. In effect alimented the inertia of the two ships. low pressure in front pulled the ships forward and high pressure at the back pushed them forward. If the maximum speed of light is anything to go by warp 10 is dead on light speed.
The physics of a traveling gas funneled into a narrow restriction accelerates though the restriction applies to the the warp drive engines aiding to the warping of space ahead of the ships. A similar effect in the narrow neck of the sink well of a black hole forming a wormhole. Gravity pulls matter into the event horizon. When it encounters the narrow bottle neck of the body it is accelerated by the compression in the black hole's sink well. The smaller the neck the faster matter will accelerate though it.
The heat we feel of a bicycle pump pumping air into an already hard tire is not from friction you know. The hose connection is a tiny opening. The compression and narrow restriction accelerating the air produces the heat. Medium priced pumps avoids this with direct nozzle connection. Similarly matter is accelerated though the narrow restriction inside the wormhole bottle neck liken to the hose connection of a bicycle pump.
Light in the zero resistance of out of space coasts at a maximum momentum speed limit of 186 thousand miles per second. Note every mile equals 1.609km. It is only a matter of 186 thousand times 1.609 giving us the kilometer per second term. If we do the math's on this adding up all the seconds of an hour pans out to 3 thousand 600 seconds the time of an hour long TV program. If we multiply by a 186 thousand gives mph times 1.609 giving us the kmph term.
When the NBC Television series introduced wrap drive over 50 years ago the idea solved the problem of lunching the Enterprise to light speed. The ship was accelerate 0 to a distance 186 thousand miles (or 299 thousand 274km if you like) in one second flat. At that point the acceleration is canceled to a constant 186 thousand miles and 299 thousand 274 kilometers per second indefinitely until the warp drive was canceled dropping out of warp.
Just how did the Enterprise and the Millennium Falcon manage light speed in a second? The key is the scientific principle of what happens when mixing a bit of antimatter with matter. According to science the mix is supposed to inanimate each other in a almighty explosion. Just how does this happen? And why didn't the antimatter and matter mix inanimate each other?
We have all at some time or another played round with magnets discovering not only to they cling to each other they repeal each other with equal forces. If we suspend a bar magnet in a sling will align itself across the North and south poles with the earth magnetic poles like a compass needle. One end is pushed away by one pole while the other end is pulled to the other.
We have North (N) seeking and the other end South seeking poles. We can selleotope each end with a ticket marking one end N and the other end S identifying the two poles of the magnet. We have a magnetic law that says like repel and unlike attract. What has this got to do with matter and antimatter mix.?
If we rub a plastic bag with dry hands in a dry day we can feel the plastic sticking to the palm of our hands like a magnet. It won't work with damp and sweaty hands in damp days. Dry hands in a dry day is essential to generate a static electrical charge between the plastic material and your hand. If it doesn't appear to work odds are conditions are not perfect.
This is because matter is made up of atoms made up of orbiting electrical charges called electrons orbiting electrically opposite charged particles (expressed as the nucleus) called protons sandwiched between neutral particles called neutrons. The electrically charged electrons are negative (-) and the electrically charged protons positive.(+). The ends of every battery is alive with these opposite electrical - and + terminals called voltage. It doesn't flow only alive with voltage.
The negative terminals are made up of a excess electrons and the opposite terminal an equal amount missing making each terminal domineering positive and negative
A current flow is only when a load is in parallel (across) the two terminals. These opposite charges obey the same like charges repel and unlike charges attract as the N and S poles of every magnet. The access electrons in the - terminal are repelled by the negative voltage attracted by the nearest positive voltage direction flying to them like nails to a magnet.
Anti matter is a mirror image of matter only the protons are negatively charges and the electrons are positively charged. It's not hard to imagine what happens when a negatively charge proton occupying the same space as a negatively charged electron. So to a positive charged proton and a positively charged electron. This is what happens when matter and antimatter is introduced to each other. The repelling forces repel the like charges on a light speed scale.
The Millennium Falcon in star wars and the Enterprises engines made use of the effect to drive the sips into warp of hyper drive.
When matter takes off at high speed it generates a pull back force on the mass of the accelerating body we express as G's. (G-force). It is the characteristic of all accelerating bodies called the inertia of the bodies resisting acceleration.
1 G is the force of the earth mass pulling us to the surface felt as the force of gravity on our body at rest. Accelerating in motion a force of 2 G's is the feeling as if twice our body weight compressing us from all directions. A force of 3G's is a feeling of 3 times our body weight compressing us. A force of 4G's is a force so great we start to feel the stress of the compression we feel very heavy our hearts struggling under the weight, struggle to breath and feeling giddy on the verge of passing out. Beyond that is what happens to us.
Operating on the principle the engines of the Enterprise and Millennium Falcon introduce a controlled amount of antimatter that make up the matter of the two ships. The repelling effect of the like charges creates an unique situation of pulling the mass of the ships forward instead of pulling them back at take off warping space ahead of the ships. In effect alimented the inertia of the two ships. low pressure in front pulled the ships forward and high pressure at the back pushed them forward. If the maximum speed of light is anything to go by warp 10 is dead on light speed.
The physics of a traveling gas funneled into a narrow restriction accelerates though the restriction applies to the the warp drive engines aiding to the warping of space ahead of the ships. A similar effect in the narrow neck of the sink well of a black hole forming a wormhole. Gravity pulls matter into the event horizon. When it encounters the narrow bottle neck of the body it is accelerated by the compression in the black hole's sink well. The smaller the neck the faster matter will accelerate though it.
The heat we feel of a bicycle pump pumping air into an already hard tire is not from friction you know. The hose connection is a tiny opening. The compression and narrow restriction accelerating the air produces the heat. Medium priced pumps avoids this with direct nozzle connection. Similarly matter is accelerated though the narrow restriction inside the wormhole bottle neck liken to the hose connection of a bicycle pump.
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