In the beginning was the big bang

We have all heard of the big bang that's supposed to have created the universe. What most of us find dubious about cosmologists having us believe the universe was created form nothing. We are suppose to believe it created itself. The big bang is really all about energy to be able to create energy.

If we are to understand anything of the cosmos today, if the characteristic of the of space and time inside black holes Black holes, called a singularity, is anything to go by, is the closest to what what we can imagine what it would have been like before the eruption.

So much for the rule matter and energy that cannot be created from nothing or destroyed we were all taught at elementary school. Cosmologists have us believe not from black holes and the big bang it's not. Even to the big bang creating itself and deep inside black holes is one of the biggest mysteries of the universe.

Gravity it seems, is the key player in creation. According to Isaac Newtown for gravity to be present there must be mass. After Isaac Newton, if the center of black hole is anything to go by the gravity  was speculated to be infinitely dense with zero volume which suggests the equivalent of a mass of a supper massive star with enough gravity to capture all it's light light called dark stars.

Cosmologists speculate the big bang was faster than than the speed of light. Remember the moment of creation there was no such thing as light so no light light speed limit.

It is believed a particle called the Higgs Boson is responsible for mass. If there was nothing before the big bang there was no Higgs Boson, open to speculation to a  zero resistance to infinite acceleration accelerating an infinitely hot explosion.

Time in the early universe, and deep inside black holes is meaningless. For example equivalent of several hundred thousand trillion centuries pass on earth less than a cosmic second.
From our point of view of time it took the equivalent of a few hundreds of thousands years for enough for the first particles of matter appear, vigorously vibrating rubber band like enmities called strings.

The relative size are on a Planck scale. This scale is six, point, two, six, divided by ten forty-three three times, a forty zero and six, two, six fraction. The scientific notation is expressed as six, point, two, six, times ten to the minus forty-three

Mathematics tells us the reciprocal is the same number with no minus sign in the positive value. For example, six point, two, six multiplied by ten forty-three times a forty-three digit number ( six hundred and twenty six followed by forty zeros. ( Or six, point, two, six, times ten to the forty-three )
In time the Higgs Boson was formed giving the universe gravity like as dark matter.

The compression forces of the Higgs Boson dampened the energy of the strings. As the universe continued slowing down the strings collapsed into solid form of quarks and a whole zoo of particles collapsing together forming the first protons and neutron particles.

As The Higgs Boson plummeted energy further, protons and neutrons captured each others in orbits.

As the velocity slowed down further electrons appeared. And as the acceleration continued to drop away the proton and neutron cluster captured an electron in orbit round them creating the first hydrogen atoms.

Protons had a positive electrical charge where neutrons had no electrical charge. Protons repel protons. Electrons had a negative electrical charge which repel electrons. Protons attract electron like nails to a magnet. Thus the like repel and unlike law of electrons and protons.
It is believed there was a time of opposite electrically charged particles were created. These where negatively charged protons and positively charged electrons expressed as antimatter the same charges occupying the same space as the positive protons and negative electrons of matter.

There was a Planck positive scale explosion of the like charges repelling each other in a second. The first atoms of mater including antimatter annihilated each other. However there was a marginal winner. For every million antimatter particle there was a mater survivor.
In time there was enough hydrogen atoms in mass to form thick clouds to build the first stars.

A important thermal dynamic law of the universe that is the heart of star building. We experience bicycle pumps start to heat up when we force air in an already tight tire. The more we compact somthing that is already compacted the hotter it gets.

Operating on the principle enough Higgs Boson gravitational compaction on the hydrogen atoms heated up. With enough heat bombardments of the nucleus was enough for thermal nuclear eruptions could take place where the first stars born.

Their own gravity keeps compacting hydrogen atoms compressing electrons into the neighboring atoms. Heat expansion dueled with gravity trying to expand, gravity trying to crush the first stars out.
In time, hydrogen is used up. Gravity and heat is the strongest in the core. The Higgs Boson crushing inwards and the energy of the expanding heat, heats up the outer layers. It is the core that is the heart of the next processes.

The crushing core and expanding heat is heat energy and the energy of the stars from Higgs Bosons ( or gravity if you like ) compacting the outer electron orbits of the helium atoms into the neighboring outer obits creating the common atoms we see in the parabolic table of the elements.

The star's gravity crushing the first star and the expanding heat one by one the common atoms in of the parabolic table of the elements in each layer is created. The expanding heat expands the outer layers into the first red giants.

Iron is the most absorbent of energy of all the elements of the table. It drains the core of energy. Heat expansion pressure is reduced. The more iron processed the less core pressure. The expansion pressure of the outer layers are winning the battle with gravity swelling the star like a over inflated balloon.

Finally when there is not enough core pressure, the expanding outer core is free to burst into the first supernovas. The energy expels the outer layers on a light speed scale seeding the the universe with the parabolic table of the elements. Only supernovas are powerful enough to create the rare elements. The common elements are created during the stars life and the rare elements when stares go supernova.

While the expanding heat of the outer layers wins the war with gravity, gravity wins the war over the core crushing it inwards. The outer layers were free to detonate in the mother of all cosmic explosions

The volume of the core is reduced to a planet weighing the equivalent of the Planck constant in the positive value given in tones per cubic area in the mucus scale in the minus value of a second.
There is so much power to the gravitational collapse protons are fused into neutrons the mass ending up in what is called the first white neutron star dwarf stars. Only Hugh stars much bigger had the gravitational force to create the first black holes.

In time, the gravitational fields captured stars in orbit forming the first galaxies. From the universe point of only takes a short period of time to form millions of fully formed galaxies .From our point of view the equivalent of a few trillion years passing on earth.

If we compare in years the Planck constant in the positive scale and minus scales, for every second on earth, time was then, as it is now is meaningless to the universe.
If we calculate the number of zeros to a Planck constant in the years is way-way beyond the age of the current universe let a lone when our sun dies.

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Plate tectonics, earth science, Geology, equakes and volcanoes

There's a link between Albert Einstein's theory or general relativity earth science, geology, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Recent cosmological discovery of gravity waves proved Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity right. The theory published the second year of world war one proposed the mass of stars and planets bend space. Space is not flat as flat as every body thinks. It is pot holed by the presence of mass.

The mass of a body in space shrink raps the round the entire circumference of every star, planet, asteroid comet to specks of dust including earth. The entire circumference of the earth's crust is under enormous compression of distorted space.

It this shrink raped space by the mass of the earth that holds the earth's oceans and the atmosphere to the surface. The earth is calculated to be the equivalent of about 18 trillion metric tones of weight of distorted space compressing  the entire circumference of the planet.

Every body in the universe including the sun and earth, distorts the rubbery texture of space in a thee dimensional pressure round them. The earth's mass pulls space inward on the Antarctic circle in the North as much as a inward pull on Antarctica in the south.

The general theory was the result of the original1905 special theory about what happens to mass traveling on a light speed scale. High speed Rolla Coasters producing the equivalent of a pull back force reminiscent to gravity expresses the idea.

Connell John Paul Stapp was an American air force officer who pioneered the study of the effects of acceleration and deceleration forces predicted in the special theory of relativity, on humans. A colleague of Chuck Yeager he became known as "the fastest man on earth" He once accelerated on a rocket sled 0 to 421kmph to a stop in less than a quarter minute.

We normally experience the equivalent of a few kilograms of weight pulling us back into our seats we have been expressing as G's. When Rolla Coasters at rest is one G equivalent to a kilogram per cubic meter of the earth's mass compressing space. Mathematics has calculated out 9.8 Newtown's of gravitational force

Experiencing twice our body weight is equivalent of experiencing 2G's of force, equivalent of feeling like several kilograms weighing us back into our seats, three times, three G's and four times four G's and so on. Stapp experienced acceleration then the deceleration at black out levels

Unless the moon not spinning is the exception to the rule, rules out the spin of a mass creates gravity. But, the earth is not a perfect sphere due to the centrifugal forces though. The earth coasts round the sun in the zero resistance of space, while spinning on it's axis close to 12 O'clock angle faster than a bullet. The centrifugal forces compress each pole inwards distorting a bulge at the equator. There is a little less force at the poles.

The earth's spin drags, the fluid nature of Magma ( The same stuff that flows on the surface of erupting volcanoes ) around.

Magma is exceeding rich in iron moving round the iron core plays a key roll in generating the earth's magnetic field. The earth is essentially a magnetized ball bearing the Artic circle's magnetic field in the North and Antarctica's magnetic field in the south. Opposite magnet fields of magnets attract each other and the same fields repel with the same strength applies to the earth's magnetic field.

The air we breath and the oceans of the world is held to the surface of the by the enormous shrink rap distortion of space surrounding the earth. Studying fluid motion ( the earth's atmosphere if you kike ) is very fluid. Like magma it is dragged about all over the world by the momentum forces of the earth's spin.

The earth atmosphere is littered with pot marks of highly mobile high and low pressure spots caused by the sun evaporating water and dragged round by the pressure of the spinning earth.

High pressure zones are maxed out high air pressure. They just don't get any more higher thasn they do. Low pressure spots suck in air like black holes sucking in matter in a spiral generating high winds and bad weather often blocked by the maxed out high pressure systems.

The high pressure atmosphere has a certain psychological spirit lifting appeal while the psychological depression feeling we get from drab and gaudy days of low pressure systems has on us. We can all feel the dampness in the air and the psychological blues of the gaudy day of a low pressure system.

Thermal dynamics tell us compression produces heat. An example, the heat we feel from a bicycle pump, that begins to heat up when pumping air into a already tight tire. The more pressure we add to the hotter the pump feels.

Compress somthing that is already tightly compressed drives the temperature up. The mass of stars shrink wrapping space compressing stars is what drives their temperature. The same warped space surrounding earth is the drive that generates the earth's geology, earthquake and volcanic outbursts.

Geology tells us the earth's crust is made up of plates. Video and earth science library books show images of the earth like a cracked egg shell.

The force of the shrink raped space is equivalent to an enormous weight of the plates compressing magma. It has been calculated to be the mass of the earth equivalent of about 18 trillion tones of warping space.

In orbit round the earth time is a few milliseconds ( the standard metric system prefix mill lee for a thousandth ) of a second faster than at sea level. It is a little slower on the top floor of a tall sky scrappers but still faster than than the street bellow.

The shrink rap of space slows time and the earth's is no exception. Deep under our feet time is much slower. The more we approach the core the stronger the gravitational pull. Time for the core is a lot slower than on the surface. Down there is a second or two slower than than a few hundred kilometers above the surface in space.

The forces of the earth's mass collapsing space round the crust and spin is the key the movement  magma. The magma is highly fluid and mobile. The magma is under the enormous heavy weight of the crust of the continental plates  keeping it molten.

The shrink rap compression of space drives the temperature of the magma up. It's literally boiling like boiling water pressure. Added to that the plates are billions of tones of heavy weight. The boiling nature of the magma is crushed and squeezed from the immense forces under the weight of the earth's crust.

The plates are transported like rafts on the fluid magma like water currents on a quiet lake currying colliding rafts together. Magma convention currents pull some plate overriding each on top of same and pressed hard in parallel while moving sideways alongside each other. The overdoing mechanism of locking is called sudation.

It is here where volcanic outbursts occur.

Pressure of the circulating magma currents locking up the plates sold grows in enormous pressure. The magma is squeezed under millions of tones force to boil under the extreme heat adding pressure.

Under billions of tones per kilometer of force is squeezed up fissures in the seduction zone in the earth's crust. The fissure itself is squeezed often squeezed narrow. Enough pressure forces and squeezes magma up the fissure out let the peak of a mountain like tooth paste out of a tooth past tube we call a volcano. The pressure from behind is relentless until it balance out in the shutting down of the eruption.

The same pressure can cause an earthquake. The overriding plate builds up a heavy pressure trying to move over the other but can't move because it is jammed in position. This is the a fault lines under seas as well as inland of cotenants.

Seismologists haven't yet been able to pin point the exact location under pressure to take measurements. All they can do is measure the stress where ever they can found on the surface of the studied fault line to the nearest.

It is only after the fault gives way Seismological instruments read outs give clues to the location of the original stress point. Sections of the fault line deep under ground suddenly un stick from the pressure slipping down or upward a few meters felt as an earthquake.

Plate boundaries sliding in opposite parallel directions are called strike slips. Overriding each are expressed a sudation slips. Millions of years of uplift earthquakes is mountain building.

A tiny number in quantum physics, discovered by a German physics Max Planck called a Planck constant over a century ago, revolutionized they way cosmologists measure the universe.

A tiny number in quantum physics, discovered by a German physics max Planck over a century ago, revolutionized they way cosmologists measure the universe.

What makes the Planck constant so special mathematics express common camp fires should produce an infinite amount of radiation. Infinite is way beyond even supernovas could put out. The math's told physics even something as hot as lava. Despite what the math's said it doesn't get any hotter than a few thousand digress. According to ,the arthritic small fires let a lone volcanoes would have incinerated the earth a long time ago. Never the less, it was what the math's said. what irked physicists mathematics can't lie you know.

In 1898 Planck took up the challenge solving the riddle of the theory of the ultra violet light catastrophe problem. Using conventional math's wouldn't cut it. In desperation he turned to looking outside the black box.

By December 1900 he finally announced he'd found a solution to the ultra violet light catastrophe problem. To do it he had to look at nature as discreet units of time and energy he called quota representing the smallest amount of time, mass and energy. It was like in modern terms everybody looking at nature as smooth analogue system someone announcing had reoriented nature is digital.

His math's came up with a finite unit, six point, two, six divided by ten forty three times, forty zeros followed by six, two, six, a total of a forty three decimal fraction representing a quota.

The scientific notation, is six point two, six, times ten to the minus forty three written down with a little razed minus sign and forty three just to the right of the ten. Mathematics tells us the reciprocal is six, point, two, six followed by forty zeros. It is the same notation, without the minus sign marking it a positive value. ( Six, point two, six, times ten to the forty three respectively )

Because Planck's number was constant physicists, were captivated because constants are rational numbers that avoid the infant properties of irrational numbers. Planck's constant put an end to the ultra violet light catastrophe theory why the idea of Quota was so readily excepted and popular idea from day one.

Planck's constant was able to express the smallest discrete unit of length, and time, and everything else in the universe including matter, mass and energy on the Planck constant scale so efficiently.

Before Albert Einstein's special theory of reality was published Einstein published a paper embracing Planck's quota as a particle of light today whey know as Photons. Perhaps the best description of his paper describing how modern solar cell technology works converting light to useful electrical energy called the photo electric effect.

Classical physics tell us light travels in waves like a pendulum swing. Plank's Quota tells us as individual light particles, photons. They accelerate past the rest position slowing down to a stop at a maximum distance. Then reversing direction accelerates past the rest position slowing down to a stop the opposite equal distance to reverse direction repeating the cycle many times a second.

The maximum peak to peak distance is the wavelength. Mathematics says the frequency of a low frequency ( or long wavelength ) and the high frequency ( or short wavelength ) can be any where to infinitely short or infinitely long. In other words light is analogue. However Planck's Quota tells us a rather digital like representation.

Planck's math's show his constant to be the maximum value. In other words a maximum low frequency of  a cycle takes six point two, six times ten to the forty three seconds to complete. The maximum high frequency is same positive value per second.

Einstein pointed out high frequency has the potential efficient energy to knock electrons out of orbits and low frequency hasn't. For example low heat at high frequency has more photo electric effect than high heat at low frequency. It is the frequency ( or wavelength ) that is the key to photo electric effect physics, not heat.

The light we see is too low frequency. It is the high frequency of the UV rays ( Ultra Violet light ) we can't see that tan us at beaches is the source of photo electric effect in modern solar panels.

After world war one, quantum physics in Europe took off at an cracking pace. From the 1920's onwards a Danish Physicist Niles Bore embraced Planck's quota idea as part of atomic structure.

Throughout his career he promoted Planck's quota in atomic theory. The standard idea atoms are made of a cloud of orbiting particles called electrons racing round a core of particles called neutron and Protons. Planck's constant was ideal way to represent the space between every particle.

Bore proposed the electron orbits were fixed. They share each others orbits by disappearing and reappearing again in another orbit at a Planck second at the Planck constant in positive value in a second. They cannot jump past the first orbit into the nucleus.

Cosmology tells us the universe is made up of strings, rather like vibrating rubber bands on a Planck constant scale. They believe they make up membranes called M theory. library books on atoms, the universe and quantum physics have published captured snap shot of the giant particle accelerator at Cern Switzerland tracing, Quarks, neutrinos, Boson  and a whole zoo of other particles that make up the neutrons and Protons that make up the center of atoms.

The photos are the traces of debris from crashed together close to a light speed scale the core ( nucleus ) of the atom. Think of the energy released by a pair of cars colliding together at a combined 220kmph on impact.

The images are traces the explosive kinetic energy of the particles. In terms of kmph close to a 1,080,000,000kmph ( or less than 300,000km/s if you like ) crash. It is only the violence of the collisions that produce the tiniest of particles.

These particles appear and disappear less than a second.